Appendix:Chambeali Swadesh list

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

This is a Swadesh list of words in Chambeali, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

[edit]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

[edit]
EnglishChambeali
चम्बयाली (cambayālī)
edit (207)
1I (1sg)मैं (ma͠i)
2you (2sg)तू (), तुसा (tusā), तुसे (tuse) (respect)
3he, she, it (3sg)से (se), (o), एह (eh)
4we (1pl)असि (asi), असे (ase), असा (asā)
5you (2pl)तुसे (tuse)
6they (3pl)से (se), (o), एह (eh), तिन्हआं (tinhaā̃)
7thisएह (eh), इस (is), ईसा (īsā)
8that (o), सो (so), से (se)
9hereइते (ite)
10thereतिते (tite), उते (ute)
11whoकुनी (kunī), कुण (kuṇ), कुसी (kusī)
12whatकेह (keh)
13whereकुते (kute), किस (kis) (place)
14whenक़दों (qadõ), कद (kad), जदों (jadõ), जद (jad)
15howकिहाँ (kihā̃), किदेह (kideh)
16notना (), नि (ni)
17allसारे (sāre), सभि (sabhi), सभनि (sabhni)
18manyमते (mate)
19someथोड़े (thoṛe), किछ (kich)
20fewथोड़ा (thoṛā), ज़रा कर (zarā kar)
21otherहोर (hor)
22oneइक (ik)
23twoदो (do)
24threeतिन (tin), त्रै (trai)
25fourचार (cār)
26fiveपंज (pañj)
27bigबड्डा (baḍḍā)
28longलम्मा (lammā)
29wideचपटा (capṭā)
30thickघणा (ghaṇā)
31heavyभारी (bhārī)
32smallहल्का (halkā)
33shortहोच्छा (hocchā)
34narrowहिट्टा (hiṭṭā)
35thinपतला (patlā)
36womanजनानी (janānī)
37man (adult male)मड्द (maḍd)
38man (human being)माणू (māṇū)
39childनिक्का (nikkā)
40wifeलाड़ी (lāṛī)
41husbandलाड़ा (lāṛā)
42motherअम्मा (ammā)
43fatherबाबा (bābā)
44animalजीव (jīv)
45fishमच्छी (macchī)
46birdचिड़ू (ciṛū)
47dogकुत्ता (kuttā)
48louseजूं (jū̃)
49snakeकीड़ा (kīṛā)
50wormबच्चीड़ा (baccīṛā)
51treeबुट (buṭ)
52forestबण (baṇ)
53stickलकड़ी (lakṛī)
54fruitफल (phal)
55seedबी ()
56leafपट्ठा (paṭṭhā)
57rootसीर (sīr)
58bark (of a tree)सिक्कड़ (sikkaṛ)
59flowerफुल (phul)
60grassघा (ghā)
61ropeरस्सी (rassī)
62skinचमड़ी (camṛī)
63meatमीट (mīṭ)
64bloodखून (khūn)
65boneहड्ड (haḍḍ)
66fat (noun)फबेरा (phaberā)
67eggअण्ढेर (aṇḍher)
68hornसिंग (siṅg)
69tailचुमठ (cumaṭh)
70featherफंघ (phaṅgh)
71hairबाल (bāl)
72headमुण्डी (muṇḍī), सर (sar)
73earकन्न (kann)
74eyeहख (hakh)
75noseनक (nak)
76mouthमुहं (muhã)
77toothदन्द (dand)
78tongue (organ)जिभ (jibh)
79fingernailनैंह (na͠ih)
80footपैर (pair)
81legजंघ (jaṅgh)
82kneeजाणू (jāṇū)
83handहथ (hath)
84wingफंघ (phaṅgh)
85bellyपेट (peṭ), ढीड (ḍhīḍ)
86gutsआन्तड़ी (āntaṛī)
87neckगला (galā)
88backपिठ (piṭh)
89breastचिच्चू (ciccū), छाती (chātī)
90heartदिल (dil)
91liverकलेजा (kalejā), जिगरा (jigrā)
92to drinkपीणा (pīṇā)
93to eatखाणा (khāṇā)
94to biteदन्दे देणा (dande deṇā)
95to suckचूसणा (cūsṇā)
96to spitथुकणा (thukṇā)
97to vomitऊलटी करना (ūlṭī karnā)
98to blowफूक मारना (phūk mārnā)
99to breatheसाह लेणा (sāh leṇā)
100to laughहसणा (hasṇā)
101to seeदिखणा (dikhṇā)
102to hearसुणना (suṇnā)
103to knowजाणना (jāṇnā)
104to thinkसोचणा (socṇā)
105to smellमुस्क (musk)
106to fearडरना (ḍarnā)
107to sleepसोयी जाणा (soyī jāṇā)
108to liveजीणा (jīṇā)
109to dieमरी जाणा (marī jāṇā)
110to killमारी छडणा (mārī chaḍṇā)
111to fightलड़ीणा (laṛīṇā)
112to huntसिकार करना (sikār karnā)
113to hitकुटणा (kuṭṇā)
114to cutकटणा (kaṭṇā)
115to splitबखेरना (bakhernā)
116to stabघ्रोपणा (ghropṇā)
117to scratchपचोरना (pacornā)
118to digखणना (khaṇnā)
119to swimतैरणा (tairṇā)
120to flyऊडरना (ūḍarnā)
121to walkचलणा (calṇā)
122to comeऔणा (auṇā)
123to lie (as in a bed)लेटणा (leṭṇā), लमहीणा (lamhīṇā)
124to sitबैहणा (baihṇā)
125to standखड़ीणा (khaṛīṇā)
126to turn (intransitive)पल्टीणा (palṭīṇā)
127to fallछुड़कणा (chuṛakṇā)
128to giveदेणा (deṇā)
129to holdपकड़ना (pakaṛnā)
130to squeezeनिचोड़ना (nicoṛnā)
131to rubघसणा (ghasṇā)
132to washधूणा (dhūṇā)
133to wipeसोतणा (sotṇā)
134to pullछिकणा (chikṇā)
135to pushगोता देणा (gotā deṇā)
136to throwसुटणा (suṭṇā)
137to tieबन्हणा (banhaṇā)
138to sewसीणा (sīṇā)
139to countगिणना (giṇnā)
140to sayग्लाणा (glāṇā)
141to singगाणा (gāṇā)
142to playख़ेडणा (xeḍṇā)
143to floatतरना (tarnā)
144to flowरूढ़ना (rūṛhnā)
145to freezeजमणा (jamṇā)
146to swellअफ़रना (afarnā)
147sunध्याहड़ा (dhyāhṛā)
148moonचाँद (cā̃d), शुक्लि (śukli)
149starतारा (tārā)
150waterपाणी (pāṇī)
151rainबरख्या (barakhyā)
152riverदरिया (dariyā)
153lakeतला (talā), डिभर (ḍibhar)
154seaसमंदर (samandar)
155saltलूण (lūṇ)
156stoneघोड़ (ghoṛ), टोल (ṭol), पत्थर (patthar)
157sandरेत (ret), बालू (bālū)
158dustधूड़ (dhūṛ)
159earthधरत (dharat)
160cloudबद्दल (baddal)
161fogधूँरी (dhū̃rī), न्याहर (nyāhar)
162skyसुरग (surag), असमाण (asmāṇ)
163windब्यार (byār)
164snowहिंऊँ (hĩū̃)
165iceबर्फ़ (barf)
166smokeधूँ (dhū̃)
167fireअग (ag)
168ashधूड़ (dhūṛ), पटह (paṭah)
169to burnफ़ुकना (fuknā)
170roadसड़क (saṛak)
171mountainपहाड़ (pahāṛ), धार (dhār)
172redलाल (lāl)
173greenनीला (nīlā)
174yellowपीला (pīlā)
175whiteचिट्टा (ciṭṭā)
176blackकाला (kālā)
177nightराती (rātī)
178dayदिने (dine)
179yearसाल (sāl)
180warmतता (tatā)
181coldठण्डा (ṭhaṇḍā)
182fullभरा (bharā)
183newनौआँ (nauā̃)
184oldपुराणा (purāṇā)
185goodबधिया (badhiyā)
186badख़राब (xarāb)
187rottenसड़िया (saṛiyā)
188dirtyगंदा (gandā)
189straightसिधा (sidhā)
190roundग़ोल (ġol)
191sharp (as a knife)पैना (painā)
192dull (as a knife)खुन्नहा (khunnahā)
193smoothचिकना (ciknā)
194wetसिना (sinā)
195dryसुका (sukā)
196correctठीक (ṭhīk)
197nearनेड़े (neṛe)
198farदूर (dūr)
199rightदेहणा (dehṇā)
200leftखबा (khabā)
201atपर (par)
202inअंदर (andar), मते (mate)
203withसौगी (saugī), कने (kane)
204andते (te), कने (kane)
205ifजे (je)
206becauseकीजे (kīje)
207nameनॉ ()
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)