Appendix:West Coast Bajau Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in West Coast Bajau, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

[edit]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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No. English West Coast Bajau
Ling Sama
1 I aku
ku
2 you (singular) kau
3 he, she, it ni
4 we kami (exclusive)
kiti
ti (inclusive)
5 you (plural) kam
bi
6 they gai
7 this itu
tu
8 that e
9 here mitu
10 there me
11 who sian
12 what iyan
13 where minggo
14 when emberen
15 how pian
16 not enggai (used for nouns)
nya' (used for verbs and adjectives)
17 all momon
sekimon
semimon
semomon
simomon
bangan
banga
18 many iko (other than human)
ramay (used for human)
19 some debagi
20 few dekiit
21 other lain
22 one isa'
23 two duo
24 three telu
25 four empat
26 five limo
27 big bagal
oyo
28 long langkaw
taa'
29 wide lambu
30 thick kapal
31 heavy buat
32 small diki'
33 short pendok
tena'
34 narrow sampit
35 thin nipis (object)
suk (human)
36 woman pedendoon
37 man (adult male) pedelaan
38 man (human being) manusia'
39 child anak
40 wife endo
41 husband ella
42 mother ina'
iyang
43 father emma'
44 animal binatang
45 fish diing
46 bird burung
manuk-manuk
memanuk
47 dog uwa'
48 louse kutu
49 snake soo
50 worm giuk
51 tree poon
52 forest taun
53 stick
54 fruit bua'
55 seed bibit
bigi
56 leaf duun
57 root gamut
58 bark (of a tree)
59 flower bungo
60 grass rumput
61 rope tali
62 skin kulit
63 meat daging
64 blood laa'
65 bone bokog
66 fat (noun)
67 egg entelo
68 horn tanduk
69 tail ingko
70 feather
71 hair buu tikook
72 head tikook
73 ear telingo
74 eye moto
75 nose urung
76 mouth bua'
77 tooth impon
78 tongue (organ) dela'
79 fingernail keku
keku tangan
80 foot betis
81 leg betis
82 knee tuut
83 hand tangan
84 wing pepik
85 belly betong
86 guts
87 neck kelong
88 back bukut
89 breast susu
90 heart jantung
91 liver atay
92 to drink inum (nginum)
93 to eat kakan
mangan
94 to bite keket (ngeket)
95 to suck sesap (nesap)
96 to spit
97 to vomit nguta'
98 to blow tiup (niup)
99 to breathe
100 to laugh titoo
101 to see kito (ngito)
102 to hear kale (mekale; pekale)
103 to know rati (ngerati)
104 to think pikir
105 to smell uruk (nguruk)
106 to fear ketawan (ngetawan)
107 to sleep turi
108 to live ellum
109 to die patay (matay)
110 to kill bono' (mono')
111 to fight sasa'
112 to hunt buru (muru)
113 to hit bobog
kerejoon
palu (malu)
114 to cut tigad (nigad)
115 to split bila' (mila')
116 to stab aruk (ngaruk)
117 to scratch kayaw (ngekayaw)
118 to dig kali (ngali)
kuang (nguang)
kurik (ngurik)
119 to swim perangi
remangi
120 to fly lemiang
liang
121 to walk lumaan tana'
122 to come teko
123 to lie (as in a bed) limpang (pelimpang)
124 to sit tingkoo' (ningkoo')
125 to stand pantaw (mantaw)
126 to turn (intransitive) pekeliung
pirau
127 to fall labu'
128 to give buan (muan)
129 to hold entan (ngentan)
130 to squeeze pega' (mega')
131 to rub susut (nusut)
ligid (peligid)
132 to wash guse' (nguse')
133 to wipe puus (muus)
134 to pull tarik (narik)
135 to push [tuak
136 to throw iyak (ngiyak)
137 to tie ingkot (ngingkot)
138 to sew rait (ngerait)
139 to count kiro (ngiro)
140 to say ling
141 to sing pelego'
142 to play main
kuri-kuri
143 to float lantung (melantung)
144 to flow lunsur (pelunsur)
145 to freeze
146 to swell ngeletup
147 sun motolaw
148 moon buan
149 star bintang
150 water bue'
151 rain uran
152 river suang
153 lake
154 sea selang
taik
155 salt timus
156 stone batu
157 sand ungus
158 dust abuk
159 earth tana' (soil)
gumi (world)
160 cloud tii' beriu
161 fog embun
162 sky
163 wind beriu
164 snow
165 ice ais
166 smoke umbu
167 fire api
168 ash abu
169 to burn tunu'
170 road laan
171 mountain
172 red darag
173 green gadung
174 yellow kuning
175 white pute'
176 black iram
177 night songom
178 day bangi
ellaw
kuap
179 year taun
180 warm panas
181 cold sajuk
182 full peno'
rapus
183 new bau
184 old too
185 good alap
186 bad raat
buuk (condition)
187 rotten
188 dirty kama
sabul
189 straight lantas
lurus
190 round bulat
191 sharp (as a knife) torom
192 dull (as a knife) tompol
193 smooth ngeluud
194 wet base'
195 dry keroi
kerai
too'
196 correct ngam
197 near beta'
sikot
198 far tio
199 right kuanan
200 left gibang
201 at ta'
202 in diam
203 with engko'
ko'
moko'
204 and engko'
ko'
moko'
oko'
205 if amun
206 because kerana'
kerna
malum
podo
207 name oron
  • Orthography :

When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following :

  • verbs : infinitive
  • other words : neutral or masculine, singular, nominative (subject)

For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance), the simplest form is used.

Bibliography

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  • Kamus Asas Bajau Sama (Sama Bajau Basic Dictionary), Sama Bajau Language and Culture Association Sabah (BSBB), Kota Kinabalu 2016 - ISBN 978-967-14495

See also

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Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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