Appendix:Proto-Pama-Nyungan reconstructions

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Proto-Pama-Nyungan reconstructions:[1]

Alpher (2004)

[edit]
gloss Proto-Pama-Nyungan
(ablative, elative) suffix or postposition *nguru
acacia (sp.) *wirlu
alive *kunka
all *muku
anger *kuli
ankle *nuka
another *wiːya
auntie *mayi
away *yarra ~ *yirra
back *mutu/a
beard *ngarnka
behind *kurri
belly (inside) *walngka
big *purlka
bird sp: frogmouth *tawa ~ *tawu
bite *paca- ~ *paca-
black *ngulcu
bone *muku
bottom *mangka
bream (sp.) *lipa-
breast *ngamun
by and by *ngula
cavity *lumpu
cheek *walu
child (to woman), sister’s child *cuwa ~ *cuway
clean *taːrrkal
cold *mica
cook in earth oven *kaːmpa-
cooked food *mucya
cousin *maːri
cry *rungka-
damage *ruwa-/i-
dig *paːnga-
dig *paka-
digging stick *kana
drink *kuñcya-
drink *luka-
dry *lalka
eat *mungka-
excrement *kuna
eye *kuru
fall *kaːlka/i-
fall *wanti- ~ *wanta-
fast *kalmpa
father’s sister *piːmu
fish *kuya/u
flame *yalyu
foot *cama
foot *cina
forehead *ngulu
green pygmy goose *tiwa+
ground *taːku
hand *mara
having *+mirri
heart *lulku
here *ñaka
hip *pirlu
hit *paca- (?)
hold together *karrpi- ~ *karrpa-
I *ngayu ~ *ngayi ~ *ngaya
later *ngaka
laugh *cangkar(V)
lay (egg), give birth to (young) *ngaːci- ~ *ngaːca-
left hand *caku
lick *pila-
lick *pina
louse *kulu/i
moon *kakara
moon (full) *pira
mother *ngama
mother’s brother *ngami(r)ni
mother’s father *ngaci
mother’s mother *kami
mother’s older brother *mukur
mouth *caː
mouth *caːwa/u
mud *curlpi
nasal mucus *ngu(ː)rrci
neck *manu
nose *kuːwu
nose *ngurru
not *kari
one *kuma
pearlshell *piːrra
pierce *ka(r)li-
pigeon (sp.) *laparr
pull *purra-/i-
pus, matter *ci(ː)ci
put *wanta- ~ *wanti-
put *wunpa/i-
rat *kalu
rotten *puka
saltpan *pacirri
sand *curtu
sandfly *lañirri
scratch, scrape *wiːrrngka-
seagull *cyarra
see *ña(ː)-
shade *malu
shell, bivalve (sp.) *wirti
shin *yangkara
sickness *wanci
singe it *wita-
sister (older) *yapa
sit *ñiːna-
smell *ñuːma-
some *wapu
sore *wiːthi
speak *wangka- (?)
spear *kalka
spear *laːma- ~ *raːma- ~ *taːma-
spear *ra-
stand it up *carra-
stick *ci(ː)rni
sting *raca-
taboo *ngalñca
tail *mulu
take *maː-
termite mound *tipa
there *pala
thigh *carra
to wet (something) *kiñca-
together *turnu
tongue *calañ
tongue *ngañcar
tooth *rirra ~ *lirra
turn *wirni-
two *kucyarra ~ *kucarra
urine *kañcyi
urine *kumpu
vegetable food *mayi
water *nguku ~ *nguki
what *miña
what *ngaːni
where *wañca
who *waːri ~ *waːra
wife’s mother’s brother *caːmi
wind *waːrlpa
wing *marra
woman *kapi+
woman *yipi
γost *wangarr

Pronouns

[edit]
gloss Proto-Pama-Nyungan
1 Sg Dir. Object *ngañi, *ngaña
1 Sg Oblique *ngacu(+)
1 Sg Oblique *ngaca+
2 Sg *ñuntu
you SG OBL *ñuna
we EXnonSg *ngana
we INDU *ngali
you PL *ñurra
they DU *pula
they PL *cana

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Alpher, Barry. 2004. Pama-Nyungan: Phonological Reconstruction and Status as a Phylo-Genetic Group. In Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (eds.), Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, 93-126, 387-574. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

See also

[edit]
Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages
Papuan

p-Trans-New Guinea • p-Northern Adelbert • p-Sogeram • Bayono-Awbono • Paniai Lakes • Kolopom • Bulaka River • Pauwasi • p-South Bougainville • p-Lower Sepik • p-Watam-Awar-Gamay • p-Lakes Plain • p-North Halmahera • p-Timor-Alor-Pantar • p-Alor-Pantar • Tayap • Massep

Australian

North Australian (basic) • p-Nyulnyulan • p-Mirndi • p-Gunwinyguan • Limilngan • Umbugarla • Minkin • Tiwi • Malak-Malak • Pama-Nyungan • p-Pama-Nyungan • p-Arandic • p-Thura-Yura • p-Ngayarda

Others

p-Dravidian • Dravidian • Kusunda • Nihali • Kenaboi • p-Ongan