Appendix:Proto-Chadic reconstructions

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The following list of Proto-Chadic reconstructions is from Jungraithmayr and Ibriszimow (1994). Most represents roots rather than actual reconstructions of words, and may be superseded by more recent research.

List

[edit]
Gloss Proto-Chadic
ashes *bt-
bark *krp
bark *ɓ-r
beat, pound, kill *dwk
bird *yɗ
blood *br
body *zk
bone *ƙs₃
burn *kɗ
cat *patu
come, go *b₂-
come, go *l-
cow, buffalo *ɬ-
crocodile *kdm
cut *pt
cut *ɬ₂wl
die *mwt
do, make *gə́n-
do, make *ly
do, make *ɗm
dog *kɗn
drink *s₂w-
ear *km/*ɬm
earth *ƙɬɗ
eat hard things *hrɗ
eat soft things *twy
eye *ydn
fall *d₂-
fall *g₂ɮ
finger *kl-
fire *-kw
fish *klp
five *bɗʸɬ
flower *pl
fly (insect) *ƙdb
four *-pɗ
full, fill *wn
give *br
give birth *yw/*wy
goat *wk-/*kw-
hair *yàɗ
hand *ƙmn
head *kɗn
hear *d₂gw
hole *bk
house *b-n
hunger *my
know *s-n
laugh *gms₂
lick *lkɗ
man, husband, person *mtm
meat *ɬw
moon *t-r
mouth *bk
name *s₃m
neck *gɗʸr
new *mrb
night *bɗ
nose *ntn
one *kɗn
open *wn
rat *ksm
ripen *nwk
root, vein, medicine *ɬ₂rw
saliva *ylk
sand *gʷsk
see *ngn
seed *bdr/*bzr
sheep *tmk
sit *dmn
skin *k-d
skin *zm
sleep *(w)sn/*swn
spit *tp
stand (up) *wɬk
sun *p-t
tail *kṣr
ten *gʷm/*gʷ-m
three *knɗ
tongue *ls₃-
tooth *s₃n
tooth *ƙ-d
two *sr
water *ymn

References

[edit]
  • Jungraithmayr, Herrmann, Ibriszimow, Dymitr (1994) Chadic Lexical Roots. Tentative reconstruction, grading, distribution and comments. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika; 20), volume I, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag
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