Appendix:Proto-Central Chadic reconstructions

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The following list of Proto-Central Chadic reconstructions is from Gravina (2014).

List

[edit]
Gloss Proto-Central Chadic
able, to *be; *ᵐba
arm *dzɨvɨʸ; *hɨra
arm, upper *paɮa
armpit *hɨᵐbɨw
ash *pɨtsiɗ
baboon *hɨrɨgʷɨv
baobab *kʷɨkaɗ; *ᵐbatuɓ
beard *ɣʷɨmɨɗʸ
bee *ɗawɨm
beer *ɣʷɨzɨm; *ᵐbaɮa; *vɨhʷ
belch *gʷɨɗɨɮ
bird *ɗɨjɨkʷ
birth, to give *ᵐbɨw; *wahaj
bite, to *dzaj; *hʷɨpɨɗ
blind, to *be; *ɣʷɨrɨp
blood *hambɨzʸ
blow, to *v; *vats; *viɮ
body *ɣʷɨva
boil, to *kʷaɗah
bone *ɗiɬ; *kɨrakaɬʸ
bow *rɨgɨɗʸ
brain *raᵑgaɬʸ
breast *ɗɨwah
broom *kɨɬɨɗ; *sɨmɨtʸ; *sɨrɨkʷ
burn, to *dɨr
butterfly *pɨri
camel *kaligimo; *ɮɨgʷamɨʸ; *ᵑgʲaluba
change, to *ᵐbɨɗa
charcoal *ɣʷɨvɨnʸ
cheek *ɣʷɨlɨm
chicken *tsɨkʷɨr
child *zɨgʷɨn
claw *ɗɨkɨnʸ
cobra, spitting *gʷavan
cold, to be *taɬ
compound *ɣaj
cook, to *d
cough *hʷɨɗɨɬʸ
cow *ɬa
crocodile *kɨdɨm; *rigɨ
crow *ᵑgʷɨrhak
cry, to *tsɨwi
cut, to
dance *ɣʷɨts
deaf *dɨgɨɮam
die, to *mɨts
dig, to *ra
dog *kɨri
donkey *koro; *ᵐburi; *ziᵑgʷa
down, to lie *hɨna
dream *sɨhʷaniʸ
drink, to *s
drought *kʷaraj
drum *daŋ
drum, small *gaᵑga
ear *ɬɨmɨɗʸ
earth *hʷaɗik
eat, to *zɨm
egg *ɗɨɬɨj
eight *tɨɣis
elephant *dzɨwɨnʸ; *gɨwɨn; *ᵐbɨlalaʸ; *nɨvi
extinguish, to *mits
eye *hadaj; *tsɨʸ
face *kʷɨma
faeces *ɣʷɨvi; *ᵑgʷɨ; *zaj
fear *ɮɨwɨn
field *gʷɨvɨh; *ɣʷɨr; *raj; *sɨka
fingernail *ɗɨkɨnʸ
fire *hakʷ
fish *kɨrɨpʸ
five *hʷɨtif; *ɬensi; *ɮɨɗɨm
flour *ɣʷɨpa
fly *dzɨwɨɗʸ
fly, to *vɨr
foot *ʃi
four *wɨpaɗ
fry, to *sɨwra
girl *dɨmʸ
give, to *v1; *vɨr1
goat *ɗawɨk
grain *hʷɨrɨp
grandfather *dzɨdzɨʸ
grass *kʷɨsap; *kʷɨzɨnʸ
grasshopper *haɗikʷ
grinding stone *wɨvɨn
grow, to *gɨr
guinea fowl *dzavɨn
hair *ᵑgʷɨtsʸ; *sɨɓʷɨtiʸ
hair, grey *ɗakʷɨr
hand *hɨra
hare *hʷaⁿdav; *vida
hat *dzagʷa
hatch, to *ɗɨɬʸ; *tsaɬʸ
head *ɣɨn; *ɣʷɨ
hearth *rɨwɨtsʸ
hedgehog *hʷisɨs
hide, to *ɓaɣʷ
hole *gɨʔʷ; *vɨgɨɗʸ
honey *ɗawɨm
horn *lagan; *mahʷa; *ᵐbɨkʷɨm
horn, animal *dɨrɨm
horse *pɨrɨsʸ; *takʷ
human *ⁿdɨw
hump *dzɨgʷɨr
hunger *maj1
husband *zɨɗɨr
hut *vɨnʸ
itch, to *pɨn
jealousy *sɨrɨkʸ
kidney *ɣʷɨlɨsʸ
know, to *sɨn
laugh, to *ɣʷɨɓis
leaf *ɬaᵐbah
left *gʷɨla; *ɮaɓaj
leg *sɨkʸ; *sɨraj
leopard *dɨɣʷɨvan
lion *lɨvari; *mabor; *zɨjɨl
locust *dzaraj
lung *pakʷaɗɨp
man *zɨɗɨr
market *kʷasɨkʷa
meat *ɬɨwɨɗʸ
millet *daw; *hɨjɨ; *vɨjaw
millet ball *ɗap
monkey *vɨdɨj
moon *kɨja; *tira
mortar *hɨdzɨnʸ
mother *ja; *mama
mouse *katakam; *kʷɨhɨm; *kʷɨsɨm
mouth *maj
name *ɬɨmɨɗʸ1
navel *zɨᵐbʷiɗ
neck *ɣɨwaj; *wɨraj
night *viɗ
nose *hʷɨtsɨnʸ
oil *mar
path *tsɨvɨɗʸ
porcupine *dzɨmɨkʷʸ; *tsɨhʷɨɗʸ
pus *wɨrɨɗʸ
quiver *ɣʷadzi
rain *vɨn
rainbow *kʷaraj
rainy season *vɨja
ram *wɨzim
rat *madɨwan
razor *beli; *pɨɗakʷʸ
refuse, to *kʷar
ripen, to *nɨh
roast, to *tɨsaw
root *ɬɨrɨgi
run, to *hɨwɨj
scorpion *hɨrɨdzʸ
see, to *nɨɣ
send, to *ɬɨn
seven *mɨɗɨp; *tasɨraɗ
shame *hʷaraj; *zɨrwaʸ
sheep *tɨma
shoulder *hɨpaɬʸ
sit, to *ⁿdzah
six *kɨwah; *ɬira; *markɨɗʸ
skin *haᵐbɨr; *hʷɨtaɗʸ
smell bad, to *z
spit, to *tip
squirrel, ground *hajaɣ
stay, to *ⁿdzah
steal *kɨr
stomach *hʷiɗ
string *zɨwɨɗʸ
suck, to *sɨwiɓʸ
sun *pitsɨ
swallow, to *ⁿda; *sɨɗɨk
tail *kʷɨtɨrʸ
tamarind tree *ᵐbɨwran
ten *hɨkan; *kɨrɨw; *kʷɨm
thorn *hadik
three *hɨkin
tomb *dzɨvaj
tongue *ɗɨrɨnɨhʸ; *ɣanaɗʸ; *naɬɨj
tooth *ɬɨɗɨnʸ
tree *hʷɨp
two *ɓɨwak; *kasi; *sɨwra1; *tsɨjɨw
untie, to *pɨra
urine *kʷɨnɨj
vomit, to *vɨnah
wash, to *bana
water *ɗɨjɨm
well, to *get ᵐbɨr
whistle, to *pikʷ/*pɨkʷʸ
white *ɗakʷaʸ
wind *hɨmɨɗʸ
woman *ᵑgʷɨs
woman, young *daɣɨlɨj
work *ɬinɨ

References

[edit]
Vocabulary lists of African languages
Nilo-Saharan

Nilo-Saharan • p-Nilo-Saharan • p-Nilotic (p-E. Nilotic • p-S. Nilotic) • p-Surmic • NE Sudanic • p-Nubian • Nara • p-Daju • p-Jebel • Temein • Central Sudanic (p-Central Sudanic • p-Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi • Sinyar • Birri • p-Mangbetu) • p-Kuliak (Ik) • Kadu • Berta • Kunama • Gumuz • p-Koman • Gule • Amdang • Mimi-D • p-Maban • Mimi-N • Kanuri • p-Songhay • Tadaksahak

Niger-Congo

p-Niger-Congo • p-Atlantic-Congo • p-Benue-Congo • p-Grassfields • p-Ring • Momo • Tivoid • Ekoid • Beboid • Bendi • p-Bantu (Swadesh list) • p-Kongo • p-Jukunoid • p-Plateau (p-Tarokoid) • p-N. Jos • p-Fali • p-Yoruboid • Olukumi • p-Edoid • p-Akokoid • p-Igboid • Akpes • Ayere-Ahan • p-Upper Cross River • p-Lower Cross River • Anaang • p-Ogoni • p-Ukaan • p-Nupoid • Oko • p-Idomoid • p-Ijaw • Defaka • p-Gbe (Fongbe) • p-Potou-Akanic • p-Mumuye • p-Jen • Yendang • Tula-Waja • p-Lakka • p-Bua • Kim • p-Central Togo • p-Guang • p-Gurunsi • p-Oti-Volta (p-E. Oti-Volta • p-C. Oti-Volta) •  Tiefo • Natioro • Bariba • p-Gbaya • Dogon • p-Mande (p-W. Mande • p-Mandekan • p-Niger-Volta • p-S. Mande) • Atlantic (Guinea) • p-Fula-Sereer • p-Cangin • p-Manjaku • Bijogo • p-Talodi • p-Heiban • p-Katloid • Rashad • Lafofa

Afroasiatic

p-Afroasiatic • p-Chadic • p-Ron • p-North Bauchi • p-South Bauchi • South Bauchi • p-Central Chadic • p-Masa • Kujarge • p-Cushitic • p-Agaw • p-Omotic • p-Aroid • p-Maji • Mao • p-Semitic

Khoisan

Khoisan • p-Khoe • p-Central Khoisan • p-Tuu • !Kung

Language isolates

Bangime • Jalaa • Laal • Ongota • Shabo • Sandawe • Hadza

Others

p-Niger-Saharan