Appendix:Fiji Hindi Swadesh list

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

This is a Swadesh list of words in Fiji Hindi, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

[edit]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

[edit]
EnglishFiji Hindi
edit (207)
1I (1sg)hum
2you (2sg)tum (informal), aap (formal)
3he, she, it (3sg)uu, ii
4we (1pl)hum log
5you (2pl)tum log (informal), aap log (formal)
6they (3pl)uu logan
7thisii
8thatuu
9hereyaha
10therewaha
11whokon
12whatka, konchi
13wherekahaan
14whenkab
15howkaise
16notnai
17allsab
18manybahut, dher
19somethorra
20fewthorra
21otherduusra
22oneek
23twodui
24threetiin
25fourchaar
26fivepaanch
27bigbarraa, bhaari
28longlamba
29widechaurra
30thickmotaa
31heavygarrhu
32smallchhotaa
33shortponi
34narrowpatraa
35thinpatraa
36womanaurat
37man (adult male)admii
38man (human being)insaan
39childlarrka (boy), larrki (girl)
40wifeaurat
41husbandadmii
42motheramma
43fatherpitaji/abba
44animaljanwar
45fishmachhri
46birdchirriya
47dogkutta
48lousejuan
49snakesaamp
50wormkirwa
51treeperr
52forestjangle
53stickdanda
54fruitfal
55seedbiya
56leafpatti
57rootjarr
58bark (of a tree)chhilka
59flowerfuul
60grassgiraas
61roperassi
62skinchamrraa
63meatgos
64bloodkhuun
65bonehaddi
66fat (noun)charbi
67egganda
68hornsing
69tailpuuch
70featherpakhna
71hairbaar
72headmurr
73earkaan
74eyeaankhi
75nosenaak
76mouthmuh
77toothdaanth
78tongue (organ)jiib
79fingernailnakkhun
80footgorr
81legtaang
82kneeghutna
83handhaanth
84wingpankha
85bellypet
86gutsatrri
87neckgatai
88backpithi
89breastchuchi
90heartdil
91liverkareja
92to drinkpio
93to eatkhao
94to bitekaato
95to suckchuso
96to spitthuko
97to vomitchhant karo
98to blowfuuko
99to breathesaans lo
100to laughhanso
101to seedekho
102to hearsuno
103to knowjaano
104to thinksocho
105to smellsungho
106to feardaro
107to sleepsuto
108to livejio
109to diemar jao
110to killmaaro
111to fightlarro
112to huntsikaar karo
113to hitmaaro
114to cutkaato
115to splitbaanto (give away), chiiro (tear apart)
116to stabbhoko
117to scratchkhurcho
118to digkhodo
119to swimpahurro
120to flyurro
121to walkchalo
122to comeaao
123to lie (as in a bed)leto
124to sitbaitho
125to standkharraa ho
126to turn (intransitive)ghumo
127to fallgiro
128to givedeo
129to holdpakrro
130to squeezedabao
131to rubmalo
132to washdho
133to wipepochho
134to pullkhiicho
135to pushdhakelo
136to throwbigo
137to tiebaandho
138to sewsio
139to countgino
140to saybolo
141to singgao
142to playkhelo
143to floatutrao
144to flowbaho
145to freezejamao
146to swellfulo
147sunsuraj
148moonchandarma/chand
149startaara
150waterpaani
151rainpaani
152rivernaddi
153laketalaiya
154seasamundar
155saltnimak
156stonepathar
157sandbaalu
158dustgarda
159earthjamiin
160cloudbaadal
161fogdhund
162skyaasmaan
163windhawaa
164snowbarf
165iceice
166smokedhuuna
167fireaagi
168ashraakhi
169to burnjarao
170roadsarrak
171mountainpahaarr
172redlaal
173greenhariyar
174yellowpiyar
175whiteujjar
176blackkaria
177nightraat
178daydin
179yearsaal
180warmgaram
181coldthandaa
182fullbharaa
183newnawaa
184oldpurana
185goodachchhaa
186badkharaab
187rottensarraa
188dirtymaila
189straightsidha
190roundgola
191sharp (as a knife)chok
192dull (as a knife)bohtar
193smoothchikkan
194wetbhija
195dryjhuura
196correctraait
197nearnagiich
198farduur
199rightright
200leftleft
201atpe
202inke saathe
203withsaathe
204andaur
205ifagar
206becausekaaheki
207namenaam
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)