Appendix:Proto-Atlantic-Congo reconstructions

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Proto-Western Nigritic reconstructions from Mukarovsky (1976) are given below. Mukarovsky's Proto-Western Nigritic is roughly equivalent to Proto-Atlantic-Congo (or Proto-Niger-Congo but excluding Kordofanian, Ijaw, and Dogon).[1]

Mukarovsky (1976)

[edit]
No. English gloss Proto-Western Nigritic
1 oil palm *-bá-
2 to be *ba
3 put away *ba-
4 they (human beings) *ba, *bi-
5 be bitter *bab-
6 door *-bado- (*-buda-, *-bhula)
7 hoe *-bag-
8 jaw *-baga- (*-banga)
9 build *bák-
10 marry, take or become husband *bál-
11 kind of palm *-bále
12 twin, two *-bàli
13 carry on back (a child) *bamb- (*bhamb-?)
14 wing *-bámbàm-
15 be flat *bat- (*pat-)
16 split, tear *bat- (*pat-)
17 rat *-béte (*-bénte)
18 bad *-bí-
19 seed *-bi (*-bii)
20 bear, give birth to *bi-
20a child *-bí
21 war *-bi
22 kind of bird of prey *-bibi-
23 hide, take cover *bik-
24 become cooked, ripe *bíl- (*bíd-)
25 boil up, be hot *bil- (*buil-)
26 call, name *bíl-
27 tell *bil-
28 female breast; milk *-bíl- (*-bíd-)
29 oil palm; frond or nut of oil palm *-bíl- (*-bílà)
30 body *-bili (*-buili)
31 round *bilu-
32 excrements *-bín-
33 be soft *bòb-
34 dumb *-bobo (*-bui-)
35 be rotten *bòd-
36 part of the head *bomb- (*-bomp-)
37 bind *bop-
38 wear (clothes) *bu-
39 baobab *-bu-
40 arm *-buak-
41 shoulder *-buaka- (*-bueka-)
42 get lost, be lacking *búd-
43 kill *bud-
44 rain, rain cloud *-buda
45 goat *-búdi (*-búadi)
46 stone *-búi
47 relative *-buk-
48 hit *bul-
49 speak; tell *bul-
50 be abundant, numerous *bul-
51 hair on body *-buli
52 harvest *bun-
53 mosquito *-búne
54 waterhole, river *-bung-
55 worm *-bunk-
56 beget, sow *but-
57 break, smash *bu- (*bud-)
58 bow down, crouch *bu- (*but-)
601 give birth, beget *bad-
602 knife *-bak-
603 rat *-beb-
604 dislike, hate *beng-
605 announce, tell *bik-
606 be lazy *bil-
59 father (grandfather) *-bhàbhá
60 rib *-bhad-
61 scar *-bhal-
62 to shine, light *bhal-
63 open place *-bhal-
64 side *-bhan-
65 shine brightly *bhang-
66 spot, speck *-bhat-
67 thou, you (sing.) *-bhi-
68 dirt *-bhin-
69 be wet *bho- (*bhom-)
70 dog *-bhúa-
71 fear *bhug-
72 create, mould *bhum- (*bhumbh-)
73 brain *-bhunko
74 penis *-bhun- (*-bhunt-)
607 stable *-bhag-
608 burn *bha- (*bhak-)
609 bundle *-bhom- (*-bhomb-)
610 roar *bhung-
75 cut *cet-
76 country, ground *-cí
77 horn *-cín-
78 fall in drops *cod- (*col-)
79 prick with point *cok-
80 be pointed *con-
81 pierce *co- (*cot-)
82 urine *-cú (*-cwi)
83 broth *-cul-
84 bad humour *-cun-
85 wash *cu- (*cuk-)
611 charm *-cang-
612 pestle *-ci
613 cupping horn *-cuk-
86 lie down, sleep *dád- (*dál-)
87 be mad *dád-
88 crawl, spread *dad-
89 jaw, chin *-dàd-
90 old *-dada
91 buy *dàl-
92 be in health *dám-
93 relative by marriage *-dém- (*-diam-)
94 to be *di
95 eat *di-
96 righthand *-dí-, *-dio-
97 allow *diak-
98 tend, heed *dik- (*dink-)
99 extinguish *dim- (*dium-)
100 darkness *-dim- (*-dium-, *-tim-)
101 spirit *-dim- (*-dium-)
102 today *-dina- (*-diant-)
103 fire *-dìná
104 night *-do (*-dua)
105 look at, love *dol-
106 ashes *-dot-
107 lie, sleep *dua-
107a drip, leak *dug- (*du-)
108 tribe, clan *-dug-
109 knee *-dui-
110 bite *dúm-
111 pull *dut-
614 be angry *da-
615 debt *-dantu
616 be slack *ded-
617 tread *dibat-
112 (fishing) net *-gabu
113 lie (down, on back) *gal-
114 hunger *-gál- (*-gyál-)
115 to love *gand-
116 hindred *-gà (*-gàna)
117 scale of fish *-gemp- (*-giamp-)
118 avoid *gep- (*gyep-)
119 locust *-giguni (*-guniguni)
120 fire-place *-gik-
121 avoid (taboo), abstain *-gìl-
122 egg *-gíla-
123 stand *gim- (*gium-)
124 be thin, lean *gond-
124a fat, oil *-gú- (*-gút-)
125 groundnut *-gugi-
126 sky (above) *-gúlu-
618 be insane *gad-
619 intoxicating beverage *-gad-
620 clan *-gan- (*-gin-)
127 yesterday *-ghàná
128 blood *-ghìá
129 stranger, guest *-ghína-
130 fly; (to fly) *-ghi (*-ghwyi?)
131 be alive *ghi- (*ghim-)
132 name *-ghínà
133 steal (thief) *ghiu-
133a top, head *-ghiu- (*-ghidu)
134 to fly *ghul- (*ghyul-)
135 become rotten *ghund-
621 increase *ghand-
136 to fall *gwa
137 divide *gwàb-
138 hook *-gwab- (*-kwab-)
139 look at, examine *gwabh-
140 arm, hand *-gwal-
141 to flow *gwàl- (*gwyèl-)
142 speak *gwam-
143 dry (in the sun) *gwan-
144 hang (up) *gwàng-
145 split *gwá- (*gwát-)
146 answer *gwa- (*gwya-t-)
147 string, rope *-gwe-
148 mane *-gwendi
149 go *gwìa
150 leopard *-gwìl-
151 deny, refuse *gwím-
152 sing *gwím- (*gwyím-)
153 dust *-gwimbe
154 pour *gwit-
155 female genitals *-gwo
156 become, be bent *gwob-
157 be straight *gwol-
158 strength *-gwol- (*-gwel-)
159 fall asleep, sleep *gwol- (*gwon-)
160 snore *gwon-
161 sheep (goat) *-gwu-
162 to cover *gwub-
163 shin, (lower) leg *-gwùl-
164 buy, barter *gwul- (*-gwyul-)
165 bird *-gwùn- (*-gwyùn-)
622 hippopotamus *-gwab-
623 tell a tale *gwan-
624 cover *gwin-
625 accustom *gwog-
166 be quick, hurry *-ghwak- (*-ghwyak-)
167 snake *-ghwákà (*-ghwyákà)
168 child *-ghwyán-
169 hair *-ghwíli (*-ghwyíli)
170 sun *-ghwín
171 thorn *-ghwyu (*-ghwuni)
172 year *-ják- (*-gwyák-?)
173 woman (female) *-jali
174 animal (meat) *-jam-
175 shine, be white *jel-
176 moon *-jél-
177 come from *ji-
178 compound, settlement *-ji-
179 fear *jid- (*jit-)
180 build *jing-
181 dance *jo- (*jol-)
182 burn (fire) *-jot-
626 cross a river *jab- (*jamb-)
627 enclosure *jag-
628 kind of frog *-jul-
183 home *ka-
184 hand, arm *-ka (*-kya)
185 chase *kak-
186 be, make dry *ka- (*kak-)
187 sour *kak- (*kaky-)
188 grandfather, master *-kaka
189 blood *-kàl-
190 sit (down), remain *kàl-
191 fierce *-kal-
192 long ago *-kal-
193 crab *-kála
194 squeeze out *kam-
195 deny, refuse *kan-
196 day, daylight *-kán- (*-kyán-)
197 shell (of snail) *-kande
198 be tired, tire *kat-
199 headpad *-káà (*-kátà)
200 tooth *-kéka
201 small *-keke (*-ken-)
202 cut *kél-
203 split *ken-
204 gnaw, bite *ket- (*keket-)
205 village (settlement) *-ki (*-kyi, *-ci)
206 to dawn *kì-, *kìa
207 laugh *kiak-
208 side *-kian-
209 woman, wife *-kíe
210 eyebrow *-kig-
211 tail *-kíla
212 press *kin-
213 be silent *kin-
214 kind of palm tree *-kint-
215 to end *kit-
216 abhor, refuse *kit-
217 moon *-kiul-
218 crow, cackle (cock, fowl) *kol-, *kolkol-
219 hollow *kom-
220 become crooked *kom-
221 fold, bend *kon-
222 woodpecker (knock) *-kont- (*-koa-)
223 bend, stoop *kòt-
224 big lizard (crocodile) *-kóti
225 urinate *ko-
226 kill *ku-
227 go *kua-
228 relative by marriage *-kua- (*-kyua-)
229 seize *kua- (*kuat-)
230 smithery *-kuabi (*-kuba)
231 to cough *kual-
232 guinea-f owl *-kuang-
233 scrape (off) *kuap-
234 rust *-kuata
235 gnaw *kuekit-
236 firewood *-kui, *-kuni
237 to tie *kuk-
238 fowl, chicken *-kuki
239 heap *kú- (*kúk-)
240 be old; ancestor *-kú, *-kúku
241 draw out (water) *kul-
242 be old *-kúl-
243 kind of antelope *-kul-
244 love, desire *kul-
245 satiate (thirst) *kul-
246 smooth (by rubbing) *kul-, *kulun-
247 to roll *kul-, *kulun-
248 weep (tear) *kul- (*kyul-)
249 millipede *-kúlan-
250 kind of ant *-kum-
251 bean *-kun-
252 fill a mouth *kun-
253 bug *-kun-
629 tortoise *-kamb-
630 to cry *ku-
631 bend (eal) *kung-
254 woman (wife) *-khál- (*-khánd-)
255 charcoal *-khál-
256 cut (off) *khant-
257 sand *-khan- (*-khyan-)
258 sand *-kheke
259 hiccough *-khikue
259a charcoal *-khila
260 possess; owner *khin-
261 to play *khin- (*kwyin-?)
262 fish *-khiuni, *-khuini
263 be crooked *khok-
264 hole, hollow *-kholo-
265 scratch, scrape off *khuat-
266 crocodile *-khúìn-
267 ask for *khum-
268 swell *khum-
269 copulate *khun- (*khuin-)
270 fog *khun-
271 eyelid *khupa
272 rub *khut-
273 sheep (goat) *-khutan-
274 cough *-kwác- (*-kwánc-)
275 rub, wash *kwak-
276 cheek *-kwakw- (*-kwyakw-)
277 kind of hawk *-kwal-
278 snore *kwal-
279 frog *-kwal- (*-kwyal-)
280 kind of antelope *-kwal- (*-kwyal-)
281 captive, prisoner *-kwal-
282 meet, assemble *kwam-
283 fence *-kwam-
284 arm, hand *-kwán-
285 scrape *kwán-
286 squirrel *-kwándi (*-kwyándi)
287 shake *kwank- (*kwink-)
288 nape of the neck (neck) *-kwànt-
289 path, track *-kwánt-
290 bag, basket *-kwapo
291 ring *-kwat-
292 cut *kwèk- (*kwyèk-)
293 to cover *kwind-
294 tick *-kwipa
295 scar *-kwod-
296 hate (be ugly) *kwol-
297 become drunk *kwol-
298 heart, breastbone *-kwol-
299 to spy *kwol- (*kwyol-)
300 set (of sun) *kwu- (*kwyu-)
301 dry, hard *kwua-
302 termite *-kwua (*-kwyua)
303 skin (bark, husk) *-kwuba
304 knee *-kwudi-, *-kwunt-
305 be big *-kwul-
306 tortoise (turtle) *-kwúlu (*-kwúlui)
307 navel *-kwuna-
308 knot (tie knot) *kwund-
309 gather (up) *kwúng-
310 shake (off) *kwùnk-
311 fist *-kwunt-
312 short *-kwup-
313 pour out, empty *kwut-
314 oil, fat *-kwúa (*-kwút-)
315 snail *-khwab-
316 kind of vulture or hawk *-khwab- (*-nkhwab-)
317 partridge *-khwád-
318 war *-khwán-
319 to peel *khwel- (*khwend-)
320 across *khwig-
321 elbow *-khwol-, *-khwulkhwul-
322 fish-trap *-khwon-
323 return (home) *khwot- (*khwod-)
324 embrace *khwub-
325 die (dead person, death) *kwwú-, *khwúi
326 anus *-khwul-
327 bone *-khwúpà
632 jealousy *-khwupa-
328 jaw *-lak-
329 stick to *làm- (*làbh-)
330 lick *lam- (*liam-)
331 shine *lan- (*lian-)
332 tongue *-lélum- (*-lúm-)
333 heavy, difficult *lèm-
334 lame *lém-
335 family, clan *- li
336 be tired *liam-
337 hang down, dangle *liang-
338 bird-lime *-lìm- (*-lìmb-)
339 tongue *-líma (*-líami)
340 pit, hole *-lind-
341 to watch *lind-
342 water *-lingi
343 shade, shadow *-liuli (*-lindi)
344 root *-líul- (*-líl-)
345 hit; kill *liup- (*lip-)
346 heavy *lìut- (*lìt-)
347 catch fish (fish) *lob-
348 wound, sore *-lónd-
349 dream *lot- (*lod-)
350 be ill *lú- (*lúa-)
351 dip in *lúb-
352 drip, leak *lùg- (*lù-)
353 put on, wear clothes *lui- (*lu-)
354 go out *lùi- (*lù-)
355 shut (invers, open) *luig- (*lug-)
356 bewitch *lùk- (*lòg-)
357 plait, weave *lùk- (*lù-)
358 be bitter (bile) *lùl-
359 shouting, noise *lul-
360 rain *lùmb-
361 be or put straight *lumb- (*lun-)
362 clouds *-lund-
363 knee *-lúnku- (*-dúnku-)
633 look for *lab-
634 renounce *lant-
635 tread *liat- (*lat-)
636 look (at) *lod- (*lud-)
637 suff er *lum-
364 finish, be finished *mal-
365 mother, grandmother *-mà, *-màma
366 dew *-màni- (*-mìna)
367 know *man-
368 be full *mem- (*mam-?)
369 I, me *mi, *ami
370 silent *mi- (*mil-)
371 swallow *mìl-
372 throat *-mìl-
373 nose *-míl-, *-míla
374 nasal mucus *-mìlá
375 know *min-
376 press, sqeeze *mín-
377 see *món- (*bhón-)
378a thou, you (sing.) *mu-
378b you (plur.) *mui
379 knife, razor *-mua, *-muo
380 back, spine *-mua, *-uma
381 to shine *mual-
382 laugh *muam-, *muamuat-, *muat-
383 close the mouth; be mute *mum-
384 to suck *mún-
385 to suck *mung-
638 be astonished *mang- (*mak-)
639 one; first *-mot-
386 wash *nabh-
387 animal, meat *-nam-
388 four *-nán-
389 I, me *ni (*ine)
390 defecate *ní-
391 rain *ni- (*nia-)
392 you (plur.) *-ni-, *-nia
393 four *-ní- (*-nía-)
394 elephant; tusk *-ní-, *-níang-
395 big, stout *-nian-
396 mouth *-níana
397 eight *-niani
398 give *nik-
399 tooth *-nín- (*-níghin-)
400 mother *-nina, *-ninu
401 eye *-nín-, *-nínu
402 person, man *-nintu (*-nitu)
403 buffalo *-nitati
404 mouth *-níuna (*-núa)
405 bird *-nùni
406 to drink *ŋiu- (*ŋium-, *ŋu-)
407 to smell *ŋun- (*ŋunk-)
408 to scratch *ŋwa-
409 nose *-ŋwá- (*-ŋwyá-, *-ŋwúna)
410 smoke *-ŋwákì (*-ŋwátì)
411 moon *-ŋwál-
412 star *-ŋwát-
413 bee; honey *-ŋwo-
414 rub, smear *pak-
415 put high *pak-
416 border, boundary *-pak- (*-pank-)
417 meet *pak-, *pa-
418 spread *pal-
419 shoulder, wing *-papa-
420 seize *pat-
421 alone *pek-
422 become finished *pel-
423 shine *pem-
424 beat *pi-
425 roast, cook *pi-
426 sweep; broom *pí- (*píd-)
427 stone, rock *-pí-
428 accompany *piad-
428a moon *-pìal- (*-pìan-)
429 kind of antelope *-píala (*-pála)
430 blow, fan, winnow *piap-
431 wind *-píap-
432 seize *piat-
433 rub with fingers *pik-
434 to hide *pik-
435 arrive, come *pík- (*bhík-?)
436 wing *-piko
437 pus *-pil-
438 lie across *pin- (*ping-)
439 press, squeeze out *pìn-
440 handle, hilt *-pin-
441 suck *pip- (*piop-)
442 hyena *-piti
443 kind of antelope *-pok-
444 knead *pok- (*pong-)
445 become rotten *pót-
446 cease, finish *pu-
447 suffer from diarrhoea *puak-
448 resemble *puan-
449 bark (skin) *-puk-, *-puak-
450 mature *puk-
451 strip off *pul-
452 go or come out *pum-
453 blind *-pum- (*-pup-)
454 rub off *punk-
455 blind *-puo- (*-pio-)
456 beat *put- (*pun-)
457 bend, fold *put-
458 stomach, belly; intestines *-pút-
459 wound, sore *-puta (*-puna)
640 be bent sideways *pek- (*peng-)
641 nostril *-pel-
642 knife *-pi-
643 be against *pik-
644 plait *ping-
645 be healthy *pit-
646 escape *pon-
460 give *phá-
461 scrape; scratch *phal-
462 cutlass *-phán- (*-pháng-)
463 give *phe- (*pha.i-?)
464 the itch *-phèli
465 breathe *phem-
466 blow the nose *phem-
467 blow, fan, winnow *phet-
468 spit out, vomit *phi-
469 burn (fire) *phi- (*phai, *phia)
470 cold *-phíàp-
471 kind of millet *-phila
472 to pass *phit-
473 speak *phoph-
473a new *-phua-, *phwai-
474 to blow *phud-
475 to dig *phuk-
476 to blow, breathe; lungs *-phuk- (*-phung-)
477 mouse, rat *-phuki
478 boil up, seethe *phul-
479 foam *-phúl-
480 lungs *-phul-, *-phulphul-
481 breathe *phum-
482 nose *-phúna
483 pigeon, dove (flap wings) *phup-
484 wind, blowing of wind *-phúph- (*-phún-, *-phunphun-)
485 be light (in weight) *phu- (*phuph-)
486 bow (shoot w. bow) *-tá-
487 father *-tá, *-tata
488 kind of trap *-tagi (*-tangi)
489 chew *ták-, *tákun-
490 look at *tal-
491 bridge *-tal-
492 grasshopper *-talitali
493 overpower *tam-
494 walk, travel *tamb-
495 extend, spread *tànd-
496 kind of palm tree *-tandi
497 be first, in front *tang-, *tiang-
498 spittle *-táni (*-itan-)
499 to tear *tatul-, *tiat-
500 name *-télà
501 cut down *tem-
502 burn *tem-
503 make *tend-
504 tree *-tí
505 inside *-ti
506 middle, amid *-ti-, *-titi-
507 bind *tiak-
508 shake, tremble *tiantiam-
509 rub *ti- (*tik-)
510 hiccup *-tikue
511 driver ant *-tilaku
512 to dig *tim-, *tium-
513 stick into the ground, plant *tìm-, *tìmb-
514 heart (liver) *-timu
515 root (trunk) *-tin-
516 cut *tin- (*ten-)
517 cut, cut off *ting-
518 small *-titua (*-tin-)
519 we *-tiu
520 navel *-tont- (*-tonton)
521 to pound *tú- (*itu-, *tiu-)
522 mortar *-tudi, *-tudu
523 head *-túi
524 work *-túim-
525 belly; abdomen *-tuimb- (*-temb-, *-tumb-)
526 to curse *tuk- (*tiuk-)
527 to boil, be hot *tuk-
528 go down *tul-
529 to forge *tul-
530 throw, shoot *tu-, *tum-
531 roast, cook *tumb- (*tun-)
532 cohabit *tu- (*tumb-)
533 pestle *-tun-
534 hurt a sore *tun-
535 build *tu- (*tun-)
536 instruct (punish) *tund-
537 hill, mountain *-túnda
538 spit (vomit) *túph-
539 carry *tut-
647 carry *teb-
648 cloud *-tu-
649 basket *-tung-
540 war *-thá
541 stone (rock) *-thála, *-tháli
542 three *-tháthu
543 put; put into *thi- (*ti-)
544 father *-thí (*-thía, *-thína)
545 slip, be slippery *thíal- (*thíalil-)
546 grind, rub *thìd-
547 leave *thi-, *thig-
548 remain, stay *thi-, *thig-
549 stand *thim-, *thium-
550 night *-thithuka
551 leopard, wild cat *-thimb-
552 dirt, morass, mud *-thòp-
553 carry (on head) *thu- (*thud-, *thuk-)
554 river, water-place *-thu, *-thua
555 pierce, perforate *thubh-
556 ear *-thúi, *-thú-
557 come from *thu-, *thuk-
558 send *thum-
559 mouth, lips *-thum-
560 ashes *-thún-
561 urinate *thúnd-
650 backbone *-than-
562 five *-tsánu? (*-tánu)
563 star *-tsondua? (*-tondua)
564 stick *-tsuang-? (*-tuang-)
565 be silent *tsun-? (*tun-)
566 open the mouth *yak- (*yakam-)
567 kind of ape *-yan-
568 borrow, lend *ya- (*yali-)
569 armpit *-yap-
570 boat *-yat-
571 eye *-yíc - (*-yínc-, *níc-)
572 name *-yítu
573 call (by name) *yí- (*yít-)
574 live *yom-
652 taboo *-yiku (*-kui)
653 the other day *-yilo

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mukarovsky, Hans. 1976. A study of Western Nigritic, vol. 1. Wien: Institut für Ägyptologie und Afrikanistik, Universität Wien.
Vocabulary lists of African languages
Nilo-Saharan

Nilo-Saharan • p-Nilo-Saharan • p-Nilotic (p-E. Nilotic • p-S. Nilotic) • p-Surmic • NE Sudanic • p-Nubian • Nara • p-Daju • p-Jebel • Temein • Central Sudanic (p-Central Sudanic • p-Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi • Sinyar • Birri • p-Mangbetu) • p-Kuliak (Ik) • Kadu • Berta • Kunama • Gumuz • p-Koman • Gule • Amdang • Mimi-D • p-Maban • Mimi-N • Kanuri • p-Songhay • Tadaksahak

Niger-Congo

p-Niger-Congo • p-Atlantic-Congo • p-Benue-Congo • p-Grassfields • p-Ring • Momo • Tivoid • Ekoid • Beboid • Bendi • p-Bantu (Swadesh list) • p-Kongo • p-Jukunoid • p-Plateau (p-Tarokoid) • p-N. Jos • p-Fali • p-Yoruboid • Olukumi • p-Edoid • p-Akokoid • p-Igboid • Akpes • Ayere-Ahan • p-Upper Cross River • p-Lower Cross River • Anaang • p-Ogoni • p-Ukaan • p-Nupoid • Oko • p-Idomoid • p-Ijaw • Defaka • p-Gbe (Fongbe) • p-Potou-Akanic • p-Mumuye • p-Jen • Yendang • Tula-Waja • p-Lakka • p-Bua • Kim • p-Central Togo • p-Guang • p-Gurunsi • p-Oti-Volta (p-E. Oti-Volta • p-C. Oti-Volta) •  Tiefo • Natioro • Bariba • p-Gbaya • Dogon • p-Mande (p-W. Mande • p-Mandekan • p-Niger-Volta • p-S. Mande) • Atlantic (Guinea) • p-Fula-Sereer • p-Cangin • p-Manjaku • Bijogo • p-Talodi • p-Heiban • p-Katloid • Rashad • Lafofa

Afroasiatic

p-Afroasiatic • p-Chadic • p-Ron • p-North Bauchi • p-South Bauchi • South Bauchi • p-Central Chadic • p-Masa • Kujarge • p-Cushitic • p-Agaw • p-Omotic • p-Aroid • p-Maji • Mao • p-Semitic

Khoisan

Khoisan • p-Khoe • p-Central Khoisan • p-Tuu • !Kung

Language isolates

Bangime • Jalaa • Laal • Ongota • Shabo • Sandawe • Hadza

Others

p-Niger-Saharan