ḥm

See also: hm, HM, .hm, h'm, H.M., and ḫm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: hem

Noun

 m

1. the king of Egypt as a particular individual who serves as an incarnation of kingship
2. an incarnation^? of a god (e.g. as a statue)

Usage notes

Conventionally, but misleadingly, translated as Majesty due to its common use when addressing or referring to the king; note that the king sometimes also uses it when referring to himself.

Only Egyptian kings were considered nswt and ḥm; foreign kings were regarded as merely ḥqꜣ or wr.

Inflection

Declension of ḥm (masculine)

singular	ḥm
dual	ḥmwj
plural	ḥmw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥm  

ḥm

Derived terms

• ḥmt

Noun

 m

1. servant, slave

Inflection

Declension of ḥm (masculine)

singular	ḥm
dual	ḥmwj
plural	ḥmw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥm  

ḥmw

Derived terms

• ḥm-nṯr
• ḥm-nṯr tpj
• ḥm-kꜣ
• ḥmt

 

Noun

 m

1. coward

Inflection

Declension of ḥm (masculine)

singular	ḥm
dual	ḥmwj
plural	ḥmw

Related terms

• ḥmj

Particle

 enclitic

1. moreover, and, in addition

Usage notes

This particle has a modal role, indicating assertion or enhanced veracity and relevance.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥm  

ḥmj	ḥmw

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 33-34, 68, 183, 198, 234, 281.
• Uljas, Sami (2007) The Modal System of Earlier Egyptian Complement Clauses: A Study in Pragmatics in a Dead Language, page 24
• Nederhof, Mark-Jan (2015) Westcar Papyrus, page 2