گناه
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Ottoman Turkish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- جناه (cünah)
- կիւնահ (günah) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Persian گناه (gonâh, “sin; crime; guilt”).
Noun[edit]
گناه • (günah)
- fault, guilt, blame, the responsibility for a mistake or wrongdoing
- crime, misdeed, offence, any act committed in violation of the law
- (religion) sin, a transgression against divine law or a law of God
Derived terms[edit]
- گناه ایشلمك (günah işlemek, “to sin”)
- گناهسز (günahsız, “innocent”)
- گناهكار (günahkâr, “culprit”)
- گناهنه گیرمك (günahına girmek, “to accuse one wrongfully”)
Descendants[edit]
- Turkish: günah
- → Albanian: gjynah
- → Armenian: (Constantinople) գո̈ւնահ (günah), (Van) գո̈ւնախ (günax)
- → Hungarian: bűn (possibly)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading[edit]
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “günah”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1803
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “كناه”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 397a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كناه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1043
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Culpa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 307
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كناه”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 4029
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “günah”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كناه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1574
Persian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- گنه (gonah) (archaic)
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wnʾs /wināh/), 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫍 (wynʾh /wināh/, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- (from Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart, against”)) and the root *nas- (“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Old Armenian վնաս (vnas) (from Iranian), Old Georgian უნასი (unasi) (from Iranian), Baluchi [script needed] (gināsk), Northern Kurdish binas (binās) and Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡu.ˈnɑːh]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡ̥o.nɒ́ːʰ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡu.nɔ́ʱ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | gunāh |
Dari reading? | gunāh |
Iranian reading? | gonâh |
Tajik reading? | gunoh |
Noun[edit]
Dari | گناه |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | гуноҳ |
گناه • (gonâh) (plural گناهان (gonâhân) or گناهها (gonâh-hâ))
- sin
- crime, guilt
- 11th century, Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-e Beyhaqi[6]
- امیر گفت: پس از حسنک درین باب چه گناه بوده است؟ که اگر راه بادیه آمدی در خون آنهمه خلق شدی
- amir goft: "pas az hasanak darin bâb če gonâh bude ast? ke agar râh-e bâdiye âmadi, dar xun-e ânhame xalq šodi."
- Amir said: "So what was Hasanak's crime here? For if he would come through the desert route, he would have been responsible for the blood of so many people."
- 11th century, Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-e Beyhaqi[6]
Derived terms[edit]
- بیگناه (bi-gonâh)
- گناهکار (gonâh-kâr)
- گناه کبیره (gonâh-e kabire)
Descendants[edit]
- → Tajik: гуноҳ (gunoh)
- → Uzbek: gunoh
- → Arabic: جُنَاح (junāḥ) (from Middle Persian)
- → Persian: جناح (jonâh) (rare)
- → Azerbaijani: günəh, günah
- → Armenian:
- Karabakh: գո̈ւնա̈հ (günäh)
- → Armenian:
- → Bashkir: гонаһ (gonah)
- → Dungan: гўнахар (gwnahar)
- → Kazakh: күнә (künä)
- Kurdish:
- → Kyrgyz: күнөө (künöö)
- → Ottoman Turkish: گناه (günah), جناه (cünah); կիւնահ (günah)
- → Punjabi: ਗੁਨਾਹ (gunāh)
- → Rohingya: guná
- → Tatar: гөнаһ (gönah)
- → Turkmen: günä / гүнә
- → Urdu: گناہ (gunāh)
- → Uyghur: گۇنا (guna), گۇناھ (gunah)
- → Zazaki: guna
References[edit]
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wināh”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 91
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “վնաս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 347
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282ff
- Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “vinās”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 213a
Categories:
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Religion
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations