برابر

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *upér

Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári

Middle Persian 𐭬𐭣𐭬 (mdm)

Classical Persian برابر

Old Anatolian Turkish برابر

Borrowed from Persian برابر (barâbar).

Adjective

برابر (beraber, barabar)

1. equal
2. on the opposite side of, opposite to
3. together

Adverb

برابر (beraber, barabar)

1. together, united

Derived terms

• برابرلق (barabarlık)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: bərabər
• Ottoman Turkish: برابر (beraber, barabar)
  • Turkish: beraber
  • → Aromanian: bara-bara
  • → Bulgarian: бараба́р (barabár)
  • → Ladino: baraber, barabar
  • → Macedonian: барабар (barabar)
  • → Romanian: bărăbar
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бара̀бар

    Latin script: baràbar

References

• Pomorska, Marzanna (2013) Materials for a Historical Dictionary of New Persian Loanwords in Old Anatolian and Ottoman Turkish from the 13^th to the 16^th Century (Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia; 13)‎^[1], Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press, →ISBN, pages 35–36

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish برابر (beraber, barabar).

Adjective

برابر • (beraber, barabar)

1. equal
2. on the opposite side of, opposite to
3. together

Adverb

برابر • (beraber, barabar)

1. together

   Synonym: بله‌جه (bilece)

Derived terms

• برابرلك (beraberlik)
• برابرله‌مك (beraberlemek)
• برابرلجه (beraberce)

Descendants

• Turkish: beraber
• → Aromanian: bara-bara
• → Bulgarian: бараба́р (barabár)
• → Ladino: baraber, barabar
• → Macedonian: барабар (barabar)
• → Romanian: bărăbar
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: бара̀бар

  Latin script: baràbar

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “برابر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 258b
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “برابر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 743

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barɑˈbar/

Noun

برابر • (barābár) m

1. even
2. equal

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *upér

Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári

Middle Persian 𐭬𐭣𐭬 (mdm)

Persian برابر

بر (bar) +‎ ا (â) +‎ بر (bar).

Pronunciation

Dari	برابر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	баробар

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ba.ɾɑː.βaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɑː.bäɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɑː.bäɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɑː.bäɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɔː.bäɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæ.ɹɒː.bæɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɔ.bäɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	barāḇar
Dari reading?	barābar
Iranian reading?	barâbar
Tajik reading?	barobar

Adjective

بَرابَر • (barâbar)

1. equal

   Synonyms: مساوی (mosâvi), همچند (hamčand)

   Antonym: نابرابر (nâbarâbar)

   در مقابل قانون همه برابرند.

   dar moqâbel-e qânun hame barâbar-and.

   All are equal before the law.

   • c. 1260, Rumi, “5:1619”, in The Masnavi:

     که برابر می‌نهد شاه مجید، اشک را در فضل با خون شهید.

     ke barâbar mi-nehad šâh-e majid, ašk-râ dar fazl bâ xun-e šahid.

     for the glorious King is ranking tears as equal in merit to the blood of the martyr.

     (adapted from the Reynold A. Nicholson translation)

2. on the opposite side of, opposite to

Adverb

بَرابَر • (barâbar)

1. equally

Noun

بَرابَر • (barâbar)

1. time (used to express multiples)

   یکصد برابر ― yek-sad barâbar ― one hundred times

   در سوریه قیمت نان دو برابر قیمت پارسال است.

   dar suriye qimat-e nân do barâbar-e qimat-e pârsâl ast.

   In Syria, the price of bread is double that of last year.

2. opposite side

Derived terms

• برابر شدن (barâbar šodan, “to become equal”)
• برابر کردن (barâbar kardan, “to compare; to make equal”)
• برابری (barâbari, “equality”)
• در برابر (dar barâbar-e, “against”)

 

Descendants

• → Armenian: բարեբար (barebar), բարաբար (barabar), բարեմբար (barembar), բարամբար (barambar)
• → Bengali: বরাবর (borabor)
• → Gujarati: બરાબર (barābar)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: बराबर (barābar)

  Urdu: بَرابَر (barābar)

  • → Phalura: baraabár
  • → Ushojo: برابر (barābar)

• → Kazakh: барабар (barabar)
• → Marathi: बरोबर (barobar)
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: برابر (beraber, barabar)
  • Azerbaijani: bərabər
  • Ottoman Turkish: برابر (beraber, barabar)
    • Turkish: beraber
    • → Aromanian: bara-bara
    • → Bulgarian: бараба́р (barabár)
    • → Ladino: baraber, barabar
    • → Macedonian: барабар (barabar)
    • → Romanian: bărăbar
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: бара̀бар

      Latin script: baràbar

• → Pashto: برابر (barâbar)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਬਰਾਬਰ (barābar)

  Shahmukhi: بَرابَر (barābar)

• → Sindhi: بَرابَر
• → Swahili: barabara
• → Uyghur: باراۋەر (barawer)

Punjabi

Alternative forms

• بروبر (barobar)

Etymology

From Classical Persian برابر (barābar).

Adjective

برابر • (barābar) (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਰਾਬਰ)

1. equal

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian برابر (barābar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bərabər]

Adjective

بَرابَر • (barābar) (Devanagari बराबर)

1. smooth
2. straight
3. same
4. equal

References

• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “بَرابَر”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Ḥaidarābād, Sindhu: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

Urdu

Etymology

From Classical Persian برابر (barābar).

Adjective

برابر • (barābar) (Hindi spelling बराबर)

1. abreast
2. level
3. equal
4. adjacent
5. comparable
6. similar

Adverb

برابر • (barābar) (Hindi spelling बराबर)

1. continuously, without interruption
2. without delay

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu برابر (barābar).

Adjective

برابر (barābar)

1. level, equal, adjacent, comparable, similar, same
2. healthy, right