ymffrostio
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]ym- + ffrost (“boast”) + -io,[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to scatter”)[2] [whence English spread, Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō, “sow”)].
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ymffrostio (first-person singular present ymffrostiaf)
- to boast
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ymffrostiaf | ymffrosti | ymffrostia | ymffrostiwn | ymffrostiwch | ymffrostiant | ymffrostir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | ymffrostiwn | ymffrostit | ymffrostiai | ymffrostiem | ymffrostiech | ymffrostient | ymffrostid | |
| preterite | ymffrostiais | ymffrostiaist | ymffrostiodd | ymffrostiasom | ymffrostiasoch | ymffrostiasant | ymffrostiwyd | |
| pluperfect | ymffrostiaswn | ymffrostiasit | ymffrostiasai | ymffrostiasem | ymffrostiasech | ymffrostiasent | ymffrostiasid, ymffrostiesid | |
| present subjunctive | ymffrostiwyf | ymffrostiech | ymffrostio | ymffrostiom | ymffrostioch | ymffrostiont | ymffrostier | |
| imperative | — | ymffrostia | ymffrostied | ymffrostiwn | ymffrostiwch | ymffrostient | ymffrostier | |
| verbal noun | ymffrostio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | ymffrostiedig ymffrostiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | ymffrostia i, ymffrostiaf i | ymffrosti di | ymffrostith o/e/hi, ymffrostiff e/hi | ymffrostiwn ni | ymffrostiwch chi | ymffrostian nhw |
| conditional | ymffrostiwn i, ymffrostswn i | ymffrostiet ti, ymffrostset ti | ymffrostiai fo/fe/hi, ymffrostsai fo/fe/hi | ymffrostien ni, ymffrostsen ni | ymffrostiech chi, ymffrostsech chi | ymffrostien nhw, ymffrostsen nhw |
| preterite | ymffrostiais i, ymffrosties i | ymffrostiaist ti, ymffrostiest ti | ymffrostiodd o/e/hi | ymffrostion ni | ymffrostioch chi | ymffrostion nhw |
| imperative | — | ymffrostia | — | — | ymffrostiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| ymffrostio | unchanged | unchanged | hymffrostio |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
[edit]- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ymffrostio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ffrost”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies