tpr

See also: Tpr and TPR

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛpɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: teper

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to breathe (air) [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of tpr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: tpr, geminated stem: tprr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
tpr	tprw, tpr	tprt	tpr	tpr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
tpr	ḥr tpr	m tpr	r tpr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	tpr.n	tprw, tpr	consecutive	tpr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	tprt
perfective3	tpr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	tpr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	tpr	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	tpr	tprr	potentialis1	tpr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	tpr	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	tpr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	tpr	active + .tj1, .tw2	tpr	tpr, tprw5, tpry5
imperfective	tpr, tpry, tprw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	tpr, tprj6, tpry6	tpr, tprw5
prospective	tpr, tprtj7	—	tprtj4, tprt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tpr  

ṯpj	tpj	tpj	tp	dpj
[Middle Kingdom]	[since the 18th Dynasty]	[New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]
		in hieratic		in hieratic

From the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting a phonetic change.

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 296.3–296.4
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 298

Esperanto

Etymology

From Russian тпру (tpru), ultimately onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tpr]
• Hyphenation: tpr

Interjection

tpr

1. (to a horse) whoa, stop

   Synonym: pru