sublime

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See also: sublimé

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

PIE word
*upó

Partly from the following:

Verb[edit]

sublime (third-person singular simple present sublimes, present participle subliming, simple past and past participle sublimed)

  1. (transitive)
    1. (chemistry) Synonym of sublimate
      1. To heat (a substance) in a container so as to convert it into a gas which then condenses in solid form on cooler parts of the container; (generally) to change (a solid substance) into a gas without breaking down or passing through the liquid state by heating it gently.
        • 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: [] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, [], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, Act II, scene v, signature [D3], recto:
          Sub[tle]. [] VVho are you? / Ana[nias]. A faithfull Brother, if it pleaſe you. / Sub. VVhat's that? / A Lullianiſt? a Ripley? Filius artis? / Can you ſublime, and dulcefie?
        • 1677, Nehemiah Grew, “[Several Lectures Read before the Royal Society.] Experiments in Consort of the Luctation Arising from the Affusion of Several Menstruums upon All Sorts of Bodies, Exhibited to the Royal Society, April 13. and June 1. 1676. Chapter II. What may be Observed of Minerals.”, in The Anatomy of Plants. [], [London]: [] W. Rawlins, for the author, published 1682, →OCLC, page 246:
          The aſhes either of Pit-Coal, or Sea-Coal, make no Efferveſcence vvith Alkalies or Acids. VVhence the ſaline Principle is altogether volatile, and ſublimed avvay by the fire.
      2. (archaic) To obtain or purify (a substance) in this manner.
    2. (by extension, figurative) To raise (someone or an intangible thing) to a state of (especially moral or spiritual) excellence; to exalt.
      Synonym: (archaic) sublimate
      • 1591, P[hilip] S[idney], “[Sonnet 77]”, in Sir P. S. His Astrophel and Stella [], London: [] [John Danter] for Thomas Newman, →OCLC, page 23:
        Thoſe vvords vvhich doe ſublime the quinteſſence of bliſſe, []
      • 1625 February 20 (date licensed; Gregorian calendar), I. [i.e., James] S[hirley], The Schoole of Complement. [], 2nd edition, London: [] I. H. for Francis Constable, [], published 1637, →OCLC, Act III, page 31:
        Miſtris Medulla, the Sunne of honour ſhine upon your hopes, till it ſublime you to a Ladiſhip: I vvill attend you preſently.
      • 1643, J[ohn] M[ilton], A Soveraigne Salve to Cure the Blind. [][1], London: [] T[homas] P[aine] and M[atthew] S[immons], →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-20, page 35:
        [W]e may finde [] that confirmation in grace, I say, by which free will is transfigured and sublimed into a state divine; []
      • 1649, Jer[emy] Taylor, “Ad. Sect. 10. Considerations Touching the Vocation of Five Disciples, and of the First Miracle of Jesus Done at Cana in Galilee.”, in The Great Exemplar of Sanctity and Holy Life According to the Christian Institution. [], London: [] R. N. for Francis Ash, [], →OCLC, 2nd part, page 8:
        [B]y his [Jesus's] preſence he alſo hallovved marriage, and made it honourable, not onely in a civill account, and the rites of Heraldry, but in a ſpirituall ſenſe, he having nevv ſublim'd it by making it a Sacramentall repreſentment of the union of Chriſt and his Spouſe the Church.
      • 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, “Section III”, in Clerus Domini: or, A Discourse of the Divine Institution, Necessity, Sacrednesse, and Separation of the Office Ministerial. [], London: [] R[ichard] Royston [], published 1655, →OCLC, paragraph 11, page 17:
        An extraordinary miniſtery needs an extraordinary and a miraculous gift; that is a miraculous calling and vocation and deſignation by the holy Ghoſt; but an ordinary gift cannot ſublime an ordinary perſon to a ſupernaturall imployment; []
      • 1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, [], London: [] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, [], →OCLC, page 7:
        [T]hat Art being ſtrengthned by the knovvledge of things, may at length paſs into Nature by ſlovv degrees; and ſo in proceſs of time may be ſublim'd into a pure Genius vvhich is capable of chooſing judiciouſly vvhat is true; []
      • 1753, [Tobias Smollett], “His Return to England, and Midnight Pilgrimage to Monimia’s Tomb”, in The Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom. [], volume II, London: [] W. Johnston, [], →OCLC, page 239:
        Monimia hears not my complaints; her ſoul, ſublimed far, far above all ſublunary cares, enjoys that felicity, of vvhich ſhe was debarred on earth.
      • 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. [], London: [] J[ames] Dodsley, [], →OCLC, pages 273–274:
        [H]e, the œconomiſt, diſpoſer, and ſhepherd of his ovvn kindred, ſubliming himſelf into an airy metaphyſician, vvas reſolved to knovv nothing of his flocks, but as men in general.
      • 1814, Robert Southey, “Canto III”, in Roderick, the Last of the Goths, London: [] [F]or Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, [], by James Ballantyne and Co. [], →OCLC, page 45:
        Call it not / Revenge; thus sanctified and thus sublimed, / 'Tis duty, 'tis devotion.
      • 1820, William Hazlitt, “Lecture II. On the Dramatic Writers Contemporary with Shakespear, Lyly, Marlow, Heywood, Middleton, and Rowley.”, in Lectures Chiefly on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth. [], London: Stodart and Steuart, []; Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, →OCLC, page 57:
        This character may be considered as a personification of the pride of will and eagerness of curiosity, sublimed beyond the reach of fear and remorse.
      • 1832, Robert Montgomery, “Book VI”, in The Messiah. [], London: John Turrill, [], →OCLC, page 243:
        That beauty, which the hues of thought create / By thee enchanted,—slakes the mental fire / That parches us within: and yearning dreams, / And aspirations high as immortality, / Thy power sublimeth with mysterious aid.
      • 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 193:
        His very selfishness therefore is sublimed into public spirit: and this public spirit is stimulated to fierce enthusiasm by sympathy, by the desire of applause, and by the dread of infamy.
      • 1880, Thomas Hardy, “A Discovery Turns the Scale”, in The Trumpet-Major [], volume III, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., [], →OCLC, page 94:
        [] Bob's countenance was sublimed by his recent interview, like that of a priest just come from the penetralia of the temple.
    3. (obsolete)
      1. To cause (someone or something) to ascend; to raise (someone or something) to a high position.
      2. To cause (juice or sap) to rise in a plant.
        • 1640, John Parkinson, “Camphora. Camfire.”, in Theatrum Botanicum: The Theater of Plants. Or, An Herball of a Large Extent: [], London: [] Tho[mas] Cotes, →OCLC, page 1575:
          [Camfire, i.e., camphor] ſeemeth plainely to be ſo made by art, being caſt as it vvere or ſublimed into broad round pans or diſhes and little above the thickneſſe of ones thumbe, []
      3. Especially of the sun: to heat (something) and cause vapours, etc., to rise from it.
        • 1709, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: [] W. Lewis [], published 1711, →OCLC, page 24:
          Some the French VVriters, ſome our ovvn deſpiſe; / The Ancients only, or the Moderns prize: / [] / Meanly they ſeek the Bleſſing to confine, / And force that Sun but on a Part to Shine; / VVhich not alone the Southern VVit ſublimes, / But ripens Spirits in cold Northern Climes; []
        • 1871, Charles Kingsley, “Monos”, in At Last: A Christmas in the West Indies. [], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, pages 181–182:
          [O]n the swamps of the Caroni the malarious fog hung motionless in long straight lines, waiting for the first blaze of sunrise to sublime it and its invisible poisons into the upper air, where it would be swept off, harmless, by the trade-wind which rushed along half a mile above our heads.
      4. To purify (someone) from a bad influence or from sin.
      5. To raise (someone) to a high office or status; to dignify, to exalt.
        Synonym: sublimate
      6. To raise (a physical thing) to a state of excellence; to improve.
        Synonym: sublimate
        • 1653 (indicated as 1654), Jeremy Taylor, “The Real Presence and Spiritual of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament, Proved against the Doctrine of Transubstantiation. Section V. Subject Continued [Of the Words of Institution].”, in Reginald Heber, editor, The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D. [], volume IX, London: Ogle, Duncan, and Co. []; and Richard Priestley, [], published 1822, →OCLC, paragraph 10, page 476:
          [I]t [bread used for communion] is made 'sacramental and eucharistical,' and so it is sublimed to become the body of Christ. But it is natural food still, []
        • 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. [], London: [] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker []; [a]nd by Robert Boulter []; [a]nd Matthias Walker, [], →OCLC, lines 482–484:
          [F]lours and thir fruit / Mans nouriſhment, by gradual ſcale ſublim'd / To vital Spirits aſpire, []
        • 1740, Geo[rge] Cheyne, “Discourse I. Philosophical Conjectures about the Nature and Qualities of the Original Animal Body, and of Its Progressive State in Its Several Stages of Existence.”, in An Essay on Regimen. [], London: [] C[harles] Rivington, []; Bath, Somerset: J. Leake, [], →OCLC, § 27, page 36:
          [T]hat ſpiritual Subſtance vvas analogous to Matter infinitely rarefied, refin'd or ſublim'd: Then, in the Geometrical Manner of conſidering ſuch reſpective Qualities and their Subject, Body infinitely rarefied, refin'd and ſublim'd, vvould at laſt terminat in limited Space or Expanſion; []
        • 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: [] Thomas Davison, [], →OCLC, canto II, stanza CLXXX, page 209:
          Ring for your valet—bid him quickly bring / Some hock and soda-water, then you'll know / [] / For not the blest sherbet, sublimed with snow, / [] / After long travel, ennui, love, or slaughter, / Vie with that draught of hock and soda-water.
  2. (intransitive)
    1. (chemistry) Synonym of sublimate
      1. Of a substance: to change from a solid into a gas without passing through the liquid state, with or without being heated.
        • 1883, J[ohn] U[ri] Lloyd, “Elixirs”, in Elixirs: Their History, Formulæ, and Methods of Preparation [] (Pharmaceutical Preparations), 2nd edition, Cincinnati, Oh.: Robert Clarke & Company, →OCLC, page 9:
          Then diſtil it, and you ſhall have a Philoſophical ☿ [mercury], and what Sublimeth is the Sulphur, which keep apart.
      2. Of a substance: to change from a gas into a solid without passing through the liquid state.
    2. (by extension, figurative) To become higher in quality or status; to improve.
Conjugation[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

The adjective is derived from Middle French sublime (admirable, excellent, perfect; placed in a high position; reaching a great height; of a person: of high office or rank) (modern French sublime), and from its etymon Latin sublīmis, sublīmus (elevated, raised; exalted, uplifted, sublime, adjective): see etymology 1.[3]

The noun is derived from Middle French sublime (elevated style in writing; quality in art or nature inspiring awe, reverence, etc.) (modern French sublime), from the adjective: see further above.[3]

Adjective[edit]

sublime (comparative sublimer, superlative sublimest)

  1. (chiefly poetic, archaic or obsolete) High, tall, towering; also, positioned in a high place; high-up, lofty.
    • 1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. [], London: [] Jacob Tonson, [], →OCLC, page 384, lines 740–741 and 747–750:
      The Heroe, looking on the left, eſpy'd / A lofty Tovv'r, and ſtrong on ev'ry ſide / [] / Vain is the force of Man, and Heav'ns as van, / To cruſh the Pillars vvhich the Pile ſuſtain. / Sublime on theſe a Tovv'r of Steel is rear'd; / And dire Tiſiphone these keeps the VVard.
  2. (figurative)
    1. Of an aspect of art or nature: causing awe or deep respect due to its beauty or magnificence; awe-inspiring, impressive.
      sublime scenery
      • 1897, John Munro, chapter VI, in A Trip to Venus:
        We had entered the clouds. For half-an-hour we were muffled in a cold, damp mist, and total darkness, and had begun to think of going indoors when, all at once, the car burst into the pure and starlit region of the upper air. A cry of joyous admiration escaped from us all. The spectacle before us was indeed sublime.
    2. Of flight: ascending, soaring.
    3. Of an idea or other thing: requiring great intellectual effort to appreciate or understand; very elevated, refined, or subtle.
    4. Of language, style, or writing: expressing opinions in a grand way.
    5. Of a person or their actions or qualities: intellectually, morally, or spiritually superior.
      a sublime deed
      • 1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Light of Stars”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: [] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, page 13:
        Know how sublime a thing it is, / To suffer and be strong.
      • 1851 (date written), Matthew Bridges, “Song of the Seraphs [Crown Him with Many Crowns]”, in The Passion of Jesus, a Collection of Original Pieces Corresponding with the Five Sorrowful Mysteries in the Rosary of Our Blessed Lady, London, Dublin: Richardson and Son, [], published 1852, →OCLC, stanza 5, page 64:
        Crown Him the Lord of Years! / The Potentate of Time,— / Creator of the rolling spheres, / Ineffably sublime!
      • 1991, Douglas Coupland, “Adventure without Risk is Disneyland”, in Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, page 159:
        You know, when I first met you, Claire, I thought that here might finally be a chance for me to be a class-act for once. To develop something sublime about myself. Well fuck sublime, Claire. I don't want dainty little moments of insight. I want everything and I want it now.
    6. Of an office or status: very high; exalted; also, used as an honorific (often capitalized as Sublime) to refer to someone of high office or status, especially the Ottoman sultan; or to things associated with such a person.
    7. Of a thing: consummate, perfect; (informal, loosely) excellent, marvellous, wonderful.
      • 1709, Mat[thew] Prior, “To Dr. [William] Sherlock, on His Practical Discourse Concerning Death”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: [] Jacob Tonson [], →OCLC, page 37:
        Thy even Thoughts vvith ſo much Plainneſs flovv, / Their Senſe untutor'd Infancy may knovv; / Yet to ſuch height is all that Plainneſs vvrought, / VVit may admire, and letter'd Pride be taught: / Eaſie in VVords thy Style, in Senſe ſublime, / On its bleſt Steps each Age and Sex may riſe, / 'Tis like the Ladder in the Patriarch's Dream, / Its foot on Earth, its height beyond the Skies.
      • 1993, Richard Klein, “Cigarettes are Sublime”, in Cigarettes are Sublime, Durham, N.C., London: Duke University Press, →ISBN, pages 62–63:
        Cigarettes are poison and they taste bad; they are not exactly beautiful, they are exactly sublime. The difference, to use the terms in which [Immanuel] Kant makes the distinction, means that smoking cigarettes gives rise to forms of aesthetic pleasure painfully at odds with the affect arising from the contemplation in tranquillity, say, of a well-wrought urn.
    8. (chiefly poetic, archaic) Of a person: dignified, majestic, noble.
      • 1842, Thomas De Quincey, “Cicero”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine:
        the sublime Julian leader
    9. (chiefly poetic, archaic) Of a person: haughty, proud.
    10. (informal) Complete, downright, utter.
      Synonyms: absolute, out-and-out
      He is behaving like a sublime idiot.
  3. (obsolete)
    1. (figurative)
      1. Elevated by joy; elated.
      2. Of a substance: purified, refined; hence, of the highest quality.
    2. (poetic, postpositive) Of arms: lifted up, raised.
    3. (anatomy) Of a muscle (especially the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle of the forearm which lies above the flexor digitorum profundus muscle): positioned above another muscle; superficial.
      Antonym: profound
    4. (pathology) Of breathing: very laboured.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Noun[edit]

sublime (countable and uncountable, plural sublimes)

  1. (countable, archaic)
    1. Something which is sublime; a sublimity.
      • 1678 March 31 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Tho[mas] Shadwell, A True Widow. A Comedy, [], London: [] Benjamin Tooke, [], published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, page 6:
        Car[los]. VVhat is your opinion of the Play? / Yo[ung] Mag[got]. [] There are a great many ſublimes that are very Poetical.
      • 1687, G[ilbert] Burnet, “A Defence of the Reflections on the Ninth Book of the First Volum of Mr. Varillas’s History of Heresies. Being a Reply to His Answer.”, in Reflections on Mr. Varillas’s History of the Revolutions that have Happened in Europe in Matters of Religion. [], Amsterdam: [] J. S., →OCLC, page 8:
        [S]ince there are tvvo ſorts of Sublimes, the one of Nonſence, and the other of Eloquence, I vvill not take upon me to judge to vvhich of theſe this belongs.
      • 1727, William Warburton, “Part II”, in A Critical and Philosophical Enquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and Miracles, as Related by Historians. [], London: [] Thomas Corbett, [], →OCLC, pages 78–79:
        Novv, vvhat a fine Opportunity vvas here of introducing his Story, in all the Blaze and Terror of anxious and diſordered Nature? VVith vvhat a Sublime might that Flaſh of Lightning have been brought in, to grace the approaching Ruin, []
    2. In the form the sublime of: the highest degree; the acme, the height.
      • 1817 (date written), [Lord Byron], “Stanza LXX”, in Beppo, a Venetian Story, London: John Murray, [], published 1818, →OCLC, page 36:
        No solemn, antique gentleman of rhyme, / Who having angled all his life for fame, / And getting but a nibble at a time, / Still fussily keeps fishing on, the same / Small "Triton of the minnows," the sublime / Of mediocrity, the furious tame, []
  2. (uncountable) Chiefly preceded by the.
    1. An aspect of art or nature which causes awe or deep respect due to its beauty or magnificence; hence, the great beauty or magnificence of a place, a thing, etc.
    2. A style of language or writing which expresses opinions in a grand way.
      • 1850, Alfred Tennyson, “Part IV”, in The Princess: A Medley, 3rd edition, London: Edward Moxon, [], →OCLC, page 100:
        And, after, feigning pique at what she call'd / The raillery, or grotesque, or false sublime— / Like one that wishes at a dance to change / The music—clapt her hands and cried for war, / Or some grand fight to kill and make an end: []
    3. That which is intellectually, morally, or spiritually superior in human life or human nature.
  3. (uncountable, archaic) The quality or state of being sublime; sublimeness, sublimity.
Translations[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ sublīmen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. 2.0 2.1 sublime, v.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2023; sublime, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  3. 3.0 3.1 sublime, adj. and n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2023; sublime, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Danish[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sublime

  1. definite of sublim
  2. plural of sublim

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Middle French sublime, borrowed from Latin sublimis.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sublime (plural sublimes)

  1. sublime, extraordinary

Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

sublime

  1. inflection of sublimer:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading[edit]

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sublime

  1. inflection of sublim:
    1. strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
    2. strong nominative/accusative plural
    3. weak nominative all-gender singular
    4. weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin sublimis.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /suˈbli.me/
  • Rhymes: -ime
  • Hyphenation: su‧blì‧me

Adjective[edit]

sublime (plural sublimi)

  1. sublime

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Latin[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sublīme

  1. vocative masculine singular of sublīmus

References[edit]

  • sublime”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • sublime”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sublime in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to fly aloft; to be carried into the sky: sublimem or sublime (not in sublime or sublimiter) ferri, abire

Middle French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin sublīmus.

Adjective[edit]

sublime m or f (plural sublimes)

  1. sublime (noble, majestic, magnificent, etc.)

Descendants[edit]

  • French: sublime

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Hyphenation: su‧bli‧me

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Latin sublīmis.

Adjective[edit]

sublime m or f (plural sublimes)

  1. sublime

Noun[edit]

sublime m or f by sense (plural sublimes)

  1. sublime

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

sublime

  1. inflection of sublimar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Related terms[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /suˈblime/ [suˈβ̞li.me]
  • Rhymes: -ime
  • Syllabification: su‧bli‧me

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Latin sublimis.

Adjective[edit]

sublime m or f (masculine and feminine plural sublimes)

  1. sublime
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

sublime

  1. inflection of sublimar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading[edit]