słaby
Lower Sorbian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *slabъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]słaby (comparative słabšy, superlative nejsłabšy)
Declension
[edit]Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | słaby | słaba | słabe | słabej | słabe |
Genitive | słabego | słabeje | słabego | słabeju | słabych |
Dative | słabemu | słabej | słabemu | słabyma | słabym |
Accusative | słaby słabego (animate) |
słabu | słabe | słabej słabeju (animate) |
słabe słabych (optional animate form) |
Instrumental | słabym | słabeju | słabym | słabyma | słabymi |
Locative | słabem | słabej | słabem | słabyma | słabych |
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *slàbъ. First attested in 1471.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]słaby (derived adverb słabo)
- lazy (not eager to work)
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 68:
- Slaba remissa (manus fortium dominabitur, quae autem remissa est tributis serviet Prov 12, 24)
- [Słaba remissa (manus fortium dominabitur, quae autem remissa est tributis serviet Prov 12, 24)]
- c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 73v:
- Laxus durchgengig slaby
- [Laxus durchgengig słaby]
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “słaby”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “słaby”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “słaby”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “słaby”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish słaby.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈswa.bɨ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈsɫa.bɨ/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -abɨ
- Syllabification: sła‧by
- Homophone: Słaby
Adjective
[edit]słaby (comparative słabszy, superlative najsłabszy, derived adverb słabo)
- weak (having little physical strength or force)
- weak (not mentally resistant and easily influenceable)
- weak (inable to realize one's goal due to lack of ability; of low influence or authority)
- weak (easy to oppose or resist)
- weak; poor (inable to manage or deal with something due to a lack of knowledge or skills; ineffective) [+ w (locative)] or [+ z (genitive) = at what]
- Synonym: cienki
- weak; poor (viewed negatively)
- weak (easily destroyed or degraded)
- weak (having low power or intensity)
- weak (not easily felt; not intense)
- weak (having a low density or frequency of something, dilute, i.e. alcohol)
- Antonym: mocny
- poor (of bad etiquette or ethics)
- weak (having a low value)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:mierny, Thesaurus:zły
- weak; sickish
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | słaby | słaba | słabe | słabi | słabe | |
genitive | słabego | słabej | słabego | słabych | ||
dative | słabemu | słabej | słabemu | słabym | ||
accusative | słabego | słaby | słabą | słabe | słabych | słabe |
instrumental | słabym | słabą | słabym | słabymi | ||
locative | słabym | słabej | słabym | słabych |
Derived terms
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), słaby is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 13 times in scientific texts, 15 times in news, 12 times in essays, 10 times in fiction, and 7 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 57 times, making it the 1140th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- słaby in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- słaby in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “słaby”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “SŁABY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22.11.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “słaby”, in Słownik języka polskiego[2]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “słaby”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[3]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “słaby”, in Słownik języka polskiego[4] (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 205
- słaby in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish słaby.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]słaby (comparative słabszy, superlative nojsłabszy, derived adverb słabo)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | virile | nonvirile | ||
nominative | słaby | słabe | słabŏ | słabi | słabe | |
genitive | słabego | słabyj | słabych | |||
dative | słabymu | słabyj | słabym | |||
accusative | animate | słabego | słabe | słabõ | słabych | słabe |
inanimate | słaby | |||||
instrumental | słabym | słabōm | słabymi | |||
locative | słabym | słabyj | słabych | |||
vocative | słaby | słabe | słabŏ | słabi | słabe |
Further reading
[edit]- slaby in dykcjonorz.eu
- słaby in silling.org
- Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “słabŏ”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 133
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian adjectives
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)leh₂b-
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish adjectives
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)leh₂b-
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/abɨ
- Rhymes:Polish/abɨ/2 syllables
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish adjectives
- Polish hard adjectives
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/abɪ
- Rhymes:Silesian/abɪ/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian adjectives