rubuni

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Swahili

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-rubuni (infinitive kurubuni)

  1. to deceive, swindle, cheat
    Synonym: -danganya

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -rubuni
Positive present -narubuni
Subjunctive -rubuni
Negative -rubuni
Imperative singular rubuni
Infinitives
Positive kurubuni
Negative kutorubuni
Imperatives
Singular rubuni
Plural rubunini
Tensed forms
Habitual hurubuni
Positive past positive subject concord + -lirubuni
Negative past negative subject concord + -kurubuni
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narubuni)
Singular Plural
1st person ninarubuni/narubuni tunarubuni
2nd person unarubuni mnarubuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarubuni wanarubuni
other classes positive subject concord + -narubuni
Negative present (negative subject concord + -rubuni)
Singular Plural
1st person sirubuni haturubuni
2nd person hurubuni hamrubuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) harubuni hawarubuni
other classes negative subject concord + -rubuni
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarubuni
Negative future negative subject concord + -tarubuni
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rubuni)
Singular Plural
1st person nirubuni turubuni
2nd person urubuni mrubuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arubuni warubuni
other classes positive subject concord + -rubuni
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirubuni
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerubuni
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerubuni
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirubuni
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirubuni
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arubuni)
Singular Plural
1st person narubuni twarubuni
2nd person warubuni mwarubuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arubuni warubuni
m-mi(III/IV) warubuni yarubuni
ji-ma(V/VI) larubuni yarubuni
ki-vi(VII/VIII) charubuni vyarubuni
n(IX/X) yarubuni zarubuni
u(XI) warubuni see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwarubuni
pa(XVI) parubuni
mu(XVIII) mwarubuni
Perfect positive subject concord + -merubuni
"Already" positive subject concord + -mesharubuni
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarubuni
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kirubuni
"If not" positive subject concord + -siporubuni
Consecutive karubuni / positive subject concord + -karubuni
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karubuni
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nirubuni -turubuni
2nd person -kurubuni -warubuni/-kurubunini/-warubunini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrubuni -warubuni
m-mi(III/IV) -urubuni -irubuni
ji-ma(V/VI) -lirubuni -yarubuni
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirubuni -virubuni
n(IX/X) -irubuni -zirubuni
u(XI) -urubuni see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kurubuni
pa(XVI) -parubuni
mu(XVIII) -murubuni
Reflexive -jirubuni
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rubuni- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -rubuniye -rubunio
m-mi(III/IV) -rubunio -rubuniyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -rubunilo -rubuniyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -rubunicho -rubunivyo
n(IX/X) -rubuniyo -rubunizo
u(XI) -rubunio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -rubuniko
pa(XVI) -rubunipo
mu(XVIII) -rubunimo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rubuni)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yerubuni -orubuni
m-mi(III/IV) -orubuni -yorubuni
ji-ma(V/VI) -lorubuni -yorubuni
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorubuni -vyorubuni
n(IX/X) -yorubuni -zorubuni
u(XI) -orubuni see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -korubuni
pa(XVI) -porubuni
mu(XVIII) -morubuni
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.