kalt
Central Franconian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt, chalt. The variation between the stems kalt and kaal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
kalt (masculine kaale, feminine kaal, comparative kaaler or kääler or kälder, superlative et kaalste or käälste or kältste)
- (most dialects) cold
- Loß’ mer heem john, ich hann kaal Föß.
- Let’s go home, my feet are cold.
Usage notes[edit]
- The commoner comparation forms were originally kaaler, et kaalste. Today, those with umlaut are preferred due to influence of German kälter, am kältesten.
Cimbrian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle High German kalt, from Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz. Cognate with German kalt, English cold.
Adjective[edit]
kalt
Further reading[edit]
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Dutch[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
kalt
- inflection of kallen:
Anagrams[edit]
Faroese[edit]
Adjective[edit]
kalt
German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle High German and Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
kalt (strong nominative masculine singular kalter, comparative kälter, superlative am kältesten)
- cold, chilly; the physical perception of something (objects, weather, body etc.) to have a low temperature
- calm, restrained, passionless
- cold, frigid (especially when referring to emotions)
- (housing) at cost (without utilities, such as heating, included)
Usage notes[edit]
- German kalt means “cold”, but not “feeling cold”; therefore the sentence ich bin kalt (literally “I am cold”) would mean that one’s body has a low temperature, particularly that one’s skin is cold on the outside. The English “I am cold” (that is: I feel cold) is equivalent to German mir ist kalt (literally “there is cold to me”).
Declension[edit]
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist kalt | sie ist kalt | es ist kalt | sie sind kalt | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | kalter | kalte | kaltes | kalte |
genitive | kalten | kalter | kalten | kalter | |
dative | kaltem | kalter | kaltem | kalten | |
accusative | kalten | kalte | kaltes | kalte | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der kalte | die kalte | das kalte | die kalten |
genitive | des kalten | der kalten | des kalten | der kalten | |
dative | dem kalten | der kalten | dem kalten | den kalten | |
accusative | den kalten | die kalte | das kalte | die kalten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein kalter | eine kalte | ein kaltes | (keine) kalten |
genitive | eines kalten | einer kalten | eines kalten | (keiner) kalten | |
dative | einem kalten | einer kalten | einem kalten | (keinen) kalten | |
accusative | einen kalten | eine kalte | ein kaltes | (keine) kalten |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist kälter | sie ist kälter | es ist kälter | sie sind kälter | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | kälterer | kältere | kälteres | kältere |
genitive | kälteren | kälterer | kälteren | kälterer | |
dative | kälterem | kälterer | kälterem | kälteren | |
accusative | kälteren | kältere | kälteres | kältere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der kältere | die kältere | das kältere | die kälteren |
genitive | des kälteren | der kälteren | des kälteren | der kälteren | |
dative | dem kälteren | der kälteren | dem kälteren | den kälteren | |
accusative | den kälteren | die kältere | das kältere | die kälteren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein kälterer | eine kältere | ein kälteres | (keine) kälteren |
genitive | eines kälteren | einer kälteren | eines kälteren | (keiner) kälteren | |
dative | einem kälteren | einer kälteren | einem kälteren | (keinen) kälteren | |
accusative | einen kälteren | eine kältere | ein kälteres | (keine) kälteren |
Antonyms[edit]
- warm, heiß (objects, weather etc.)
- freundlich, passioniert (emotions)
Derived terms[edit]
- arschkalt
- bitterkalt
- die kalte Schulter zeigen
- hundekalt
- scheißkalt
- scheißekalt
- kalt bleiben - keep one's temper
- kalten Blutes - in cold blood
- kalter Brand - gangrene
- kaltes Fieber - ague
Related terms[edit]
- Kälte f
Adverb[edit]
kalt
- (of rent-paying) as base rent; excluding utilities
- Antonym: warm
- Ich zahle 550 € kalt für meine Wohnung.
- I pay €550 base rent for my apartment.
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “kalt” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “kalt” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “kalt” in Duden online
Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to hit, strike”), cognates include Latin clādēs.[1] See the latter for more.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
kalt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kaļu, kal, kaļ, past kalu)
- to forge
- to hammer
- to chisel
- to coin (money)
- to mint (money)
- to shoe (a horse)
- to peck (of a woodpecker)
- to hew
Conjugation[edit]
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | kaļu | kalu | kalšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | kal | kali | kalsi | kal |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | kaļ | kala | kals | lai kaļ |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | kaļam | kalām | kalsim | kalsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | kaļat | kalāt | kalsiet, kalsit |
kaliet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | kaļ | kala | kals | lai kaļ |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | kaļot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | kaļošs | ||
Past | esot kalis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | kaldams | ||
Future | kalšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | kaļot | ||
Imperative | lai kaļot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | kaļam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | kalis | |||
Present | kaltu | Present Passive | kaļams | ||
Past | būtu kalis | Past Passive | kalts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jākaļ | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | kalt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jākaļ | Negative Infinitive | nekalt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jākaļot | Verbal noun | kalšana |
References[edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kalt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Verb[edit]
kalt
- past participle of kalle
Old High German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-West Germanic *kald, whence also Old Saxon kald, Old English cald, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).
Adjective[edit]
kalt
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Middle High German: kalt
Old Norse[edit]
Adjective[edit]
kalt
Pennsylvania German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle High German and Old High German kalt. Compare German kalt, Dutch koud, English cold.
Adjective[edit]
kalt (comparative kelder, superlative keltscht)
Swedish[edit]
Adjective[edit]
kalt
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms derived from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Franconian lemmas
- Central Franconian adjectives
- Central Franconian terms with usage examples
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Cimbrian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian adjectives
- Tredici Comuni Cimbrian
- cim:Temperature
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlt
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlt/1 syllable
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Faroese non-lemma forms
- Faroese adjective forms
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- German adverbs
- German terms with usage examples
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian semi-palatalizing first conjugation verbs
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German adjectives
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse adjective forms
- Pennsylvania German terms inherited from Middle High German
- Pennsylvania German terms derived from Middle High German
- Pennsylvania German terms inherited from Old High German
- Pennsylvania German terms derived from Old High German
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German adjectives
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish adjective forms