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Egyptian [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
m
shelter
c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE ,
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:
jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion ( literally, “my second” ) , lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.
Inflection [ edit ]
Declension of kꜣp (masculine)
3-lit.
( intransitive ) to hide , to shelter , to take cover [since the 19th Dynasty]
( transitive ) to put a roof on
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of kꜣp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: kꜣp , geminated stem: kꜣpp
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
kꜣp
kꜣpw , kꜣp
kꜣpt
kꜣp
kꜣp
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
kꜣp
ḥr kꜣp
m kꜣp
r kꜣp
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
kꜣp.n
kꜣpw , kꜣp
consecutive
kꜣp.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
kꜣpt
perfective 3
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
kꜣp.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
kꜣp
kꜣpp
potentialis1
kꜣp.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
kꜣp.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
kꜣp
kꜣp , kꜣpw 5 , kꜣpy 5
imperfective
kꜣp , kꜣpy , kꜣpw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
kꜣp , kꜣpj 6 , kꜣpy 6
kꜣp , kꜣpw 5
prospective
kꜣp , kꜣptj 7
—
kꜣptj 4 , kꜣpt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Derived terms [ edit ]
Descendants [ edit ]
Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲡ ( kōp )
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3-lit.
( transitive ) to cense , to fumigate [since the Pyramid Texts]
c. 1800 BCE , Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 1, line 3–4:
jr.ḫr.k r.s kꜣp sj ḥr snṯr ḥr mrḥt mꜣt kꜣp kꜣt.s ḥr.s You should treat it by fumigating her with incense and fresh oil, fumigating her vulva with it.
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of kꜣp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: kꜣp , geminated stem: kꜣpp
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
kꜣp
kꜣpw , kꜣp
kꜣpt
kꜣp
kꜣp
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
kꜣp
ḥr kꜣp
m kꜣp
r kꜣp
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
kꜣp.n
kꜣpw , kꜣp
consecutive
kꜣp.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
kꜣpt
perfective 3
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
kꜣp.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
kꜣp
kꜣpp
potentialis1
kꜣp.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
kꜣp.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
kꜣp
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
kꜣp
kꜣp , kꜣpw 5 , kꜣpy 5
imperfective
kꜣp , kꜣpy , kꜣpw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
kꜣp , kꜣpj 6 , kꜣpy 6
kꜣp , kꜣpw 5
prospective
kꜣp , kꜣptj 7
—
kꜣptj 4 , kꜣpt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Derived terms [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 219 .
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1931 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 103.9–103.15, 104.4–104.5, 104.8–104.12, 104.14–104.17