franchir
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French, corresponding to franc + -ir.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]franchir
- to clear, to cross (a line), to pass (an obstacle etc.); to get over (a fence)
- Des milliers de camions franchissent la frontière chaque jour.
- Thousands of trucks cross the border every day.
- to cover (a distance)
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of franchir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | franchir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | franchissant /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | franchi /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | franchis /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
franchis /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
franchit /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
franchissons /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sɔ̃/ |
franchissez /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.se/ |
franchissent /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ |
| imperfect | franchissais /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sɛ/ |
franchissais /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sɛ/ |
franchissait /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sɛ/ |
franchissions /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sjɔ̃/ |
franchissiez /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sje/ |
franchissaient /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | franchis /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
franchis /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
franchit /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
franchîmes /fʁɑ̃.ʃim/ |
franchîtes /fʁɑ̃.ʃit/ |
franchirent /fʁɑ̃.ʃiʁ/ | |
| future | franchirai /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁe/ |
franchiras /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁa/ |
franchira /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁa/ |
franchirons /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁɔ̃/ |
franchirez /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁe/ |
franchiront /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | franchirais /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁɛ/ |
franchirais /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁɛ/ |
franchirait /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁɛ/ |
franchirions /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
franchiriez /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁje/ |
franchiraient /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | franchisse /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ |
franchisses /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ |
franchisse /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ |
franchissions /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sjɔ̃/ |
franchissiez /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sje/ |
franchissent /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ |
| imperfect2 | franchisse /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ |
franchisses /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ |
franchît /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
franchissions /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sjɔ̃/ |
franchissiez /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sje/ |
franchissent /fʁɑ̃.ʃis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | franchis /fʁɑ̃.ʃi/ |
— | franchissons /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.sɔ̃/ |
franchissez /fʁɑ̃.ʃi.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “franchir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.