Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swinkan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *swinkaną, perhaps a secondary strong verb to lost iterative *swinkōną, from earlier paradigm *swinkōþi ~ *swingunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-nā́-ti ~ *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-un-ánti, related to *swingan (“to swing”).

Verb

*swinkan

1. to swing, sway

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*swinkan
1st sg. past	*swank
3rd pl. past	*swunkun
Past ptcple	*swunkan
Infinitive	*swinkan
Genitive infin.	*swinkannjas
Dative infin.	*swinkannjē
Instrum. infin.	*swinkannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*swinku	*swank
2nd singular	*swinkiʀi	*swunkī
3rd singular	*swinkidi	*swank
1st plural	*swinkum	*swunkum
2nd plural	*swinkid	*swunkud
3rd plural	*swinkand	*swunkun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*swinkē	*swunkī
2nd singular	*swinkēs	*swunkī
3rd singular	*swinkē	*swunkī
1st plural	*swinkēm	*swunkīm
2nd plural	*swinkēþ	*swunkīd
3rd plural	*swinkēn	*swunkīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*swink
Plural	*swinkid
	Present	Past
Participle	*swinkandī	*swunkan

Related terms

• *swak
• *swangijan
• *swankijan
• *swingan

Descendants

• Old Frisian: *swinka
  • West Frisian: swinke (“to swivel, turn around”)
• Old Saxon: *swinkan
  • >? Middle Low German: swinken (“to pour out, spill”)
• Old Dutch: *swinkan
  • Middle Dutch: *swinken
    • Dutch: zwinken (“to swivel, turn around”) (dialectal)
    • → Swedish: svinka (“to swerve, evade, be untrustworthy”)
    • → Danish: svinke (“to swing, sway”)
• Old High German: swinkan