Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sap

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap-; see also Welsh syb-wydd (fir), Latin sapa (must, new wine), Russian со́пли (sópli, snivel), Old Armenian համ (ham, taste), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, having poisonous juices), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, juice, nectar)).

Noun

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*sap n

  1. juice
  2. sap

Inflection

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Neuter a-stem
Singular
Nominative *sap
Genitive *sapas
Singular Plural
Nominative *sap *sapu
Accusative *sap *sapu
Genitive *sapas *sapō
Dative *sapē *sapum
Instrumental *sapu *sapum

Descendants

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  • Old English: sæp
  • Old Frisian: *sep, *sap
  • Old Saxon: sap
    • Middle Low German: sap
      • German Low German: Sapp
      • Low German: Sap
  • Old Dutch: *sap
  • Old High German: saf

Further reading

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  • Smith, Arden Ray (1997): Germanic Linguistic Influence on the Invented Languages of J.R.R. Tolkien