Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yorïnčga

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

*tȫrt *yapurgaklïg *yorïnčga.
A four-leaf clover.

Etymology

Sevortjan suggests a derivation such as *yōr- (“to untie; to interpret”) +‎ *-ïn- +‎ *-ïĺč- +‎ *-ga.

Clauson suggets that the root is obscure much like most words suffixed with *-ga.

Noun

*yorïnčga

1. (Common Turkic) clover

Declension

Declension of *yorïnčga

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yorïnčga
Accusative	*yorïnčganï, *yorïnčgag 4), *yorïnčganïg 1)
Genitive	*yorïnčganïŋ
Dative	*yorïnčgaka
Locative	*yorïnčgada
Ablative	*yorïnčgadan
Allative	*yorïnčgagaru
Instrumental 2)	*yorïnčgan
Equative 2)	*yorïnčgača
Similative 2)	*yorïnčgalayu
Comitative 2)	*yorïnčgalïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
    • Khalaj: yovunca
  • Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Azerbaijani: yonca
        • Ottoman Turkish: یونجه (yonca)
          • → Tatar: йонча (yonça)
          • → Bashkir: йонса (yonsa)
          • → Krymchak: yonca
          • → Karaim: yonca
          • Turkish: yonca
          • Gagauz: yonca
    • East Oghuz:
      • Turkmen: ýorunja
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yorınçğa), [script needed] (yorınça)
      • Uzbek: yoʻngʻichqa
  • Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Kumyk: ёнгурчгъа (yoñurçğa)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Karakalpak: йоңыншка (yoñışqa)
      • Kazakh: жоңышқа (joñyşqa), жоңырышқа (joñyryşqa)
      • Nogai: йорынша (yorınşa)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: жоңгучка (joŋgucka)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Uyghur: ywrwnčxʾ

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yorınçğa”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 971
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 227
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) “jorynča”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 207
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yonca”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jon-ɨrčka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill