Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷ-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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Theorized by some linguists, particularly proponents of the Indo-Uralic hypothesis, to be related to Proto-Uralic *ku-. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Root

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*kʷ-

  1. The primary interrogative root.

Derived terms

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  • *kʷi-
  • *kʷo-
    • *kʷo-dʰe / *kʷó-dʰi / *kʷo-dʰey
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *kъde (where?) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷótʰi
        • Ancient Greek: πόθῐ (póthi, where? whither?)
      • Proto-Italic:
        • Latin: (c)ubī (where? what place?) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kudʰa
    • *kʷo-h₁ (old ablative?)
      • Proto-Germanic: *hwō (how, instrumental) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷō
        • Ancient Greek: πω (), πώ (pṓ, up to now, yet, ever)
          Ionic Greek: κω ()
      • Proto-Italic: *kʷō
        • Latin: quō (whereto; to what end, why) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kʷo-r, *kʷóri
      • Proto-Germanic: *hwar (where?) (see there for further descendants)
      • Latin: cur (why), quirquir
      • Sanskrit: कर्हि (karhi, when? what time?)
      • *kʷoryos
        • Proto-Germanic: *hwarjaz (which of many?) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kʷo-s (which? what?)
    • *kʷó-teros (which of two?)
  • *kʷeh₂-
    • *kʷeh₂lis
      • Ancient Greek: πηλί-κος (pēlí-kos, how great?) (with adjectival -κός (-kós) extension)
      • Latin: quālis (what kind?) (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷú-só-
    • Proto-Albanian: *kusa
      • Albanian: kush (who)
    • Messapic: kos (someone)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *kuse
      • Tocharian A: kus
      • Tocharian B: kᵤse (who)
  • >? *ku, *kū (where) (*kʷu not expected; see boukólos rule)
    • Proto-Albanian: *ku
      • Albanian: ku (where)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ku, *kū
    • *kur
      • Proto-Albanian: *kur
        • Albanian: kur (when)
      • Old Armenian: ուր (ur, where)
        • Armenian: ուր (ur, where)
      • Proto-Baltic: *kur
        • Latvian: kur (where)
        • Lithuanian: kur̃, kur (where)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Cretan Greek: ὀπυι (opui, whither)
    • Proto-Germanic: *hwilīkaz (what kind?) (see there for further descendants)