Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joostak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unclear. Two etymologies have been suggested:
- From *joodak (“to drink”) + *-stak, then perhaps suggesting that the verb's original meaning was "to flow".
- Cognate to Hungarian ívik (“to spawn”), from Proto-Uralic *jokse-, with irregular vowel length.
Verb[edit]
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of *joostak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *jooksën | *jooksin | — | *jooskon |
| 2nd sing. | *jooksët | *jooksit | *jooksëk | *jooskos |
| 3rd sing. | *jooksëbi *jooksi |
*jooksi | *jooskahën | *jooskohën |
| 1st plur. | *jooksëkmëk *jooksëkmak |
*jooksimëk *jooksimak |
*jooskadëmëk *jooskadamak |
*jooskodëmëk *jooskodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *jooksëktëk *jooksëktak |
*jooksidëk *jooksidak |
*jooskadë *jooskada |
*jooskot'ëk *jooskodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *jooksëbat *jooksi |
*jooksi | *jooskahën | *jooskohën |
| passive | *jooksëksën *jooksët'aksën |
*joostihën *jooksëttisën |
*joostagasën *jooksëttakahën |
*joostagosën *jooksëttakohën |
| connegative | *jooksëk | — | *jooskak | *jooskok |
| passive connegative | *jooksëktak | — | *joostagak *jooksëttagak |
*joostagok *jooksëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *jooksëkcin | *jooksicin | *joossën | |
| 2nd sing. | *jooksëkcit | *jooksicit | *joossët | |
| 3rd sing. | *jooksëkci | *jooksici | *joossi | |
| 1st plur. | *jooksëkcimëk *jooksëkcimak |
*jooksicimëk *jooksicimak |
*joossëmëk *joossëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *jooksëkcidëk *jooksëkcidak |
*jooksicidëk *jooksicidak |
*joossëdëk *joossëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *jooksëkci | *jooksici | *joossi | |
| passive | *joostakcisën *jooksët'akcihën |
*joosticisën *jooksëtticihën |
*joostanësën *jooksëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *jooksëkcik | *jooksicik | *joossëk | |
| passive connegative | *joostakcik *jooksët'akcik |
*joosticik *jooksëtticik |
*joostanëk *jooksëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *joostak | present | *jooksëba | *joostaba *jooksëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *joostë- | past | *joossut | *joostu *jooksëttu |
| gerund/supine | *jooksëma | |||
| action noun | *jooksëminen | |||
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Estonian: jooksma/joosta
- Finnish: juosta
- Ingrian: joossa
- Karelian:
- Livonian: jūokšõ
- Livvi: juosta
- Ludian: d'uosta
- Veps: joksta
- Võro: juuskma/juuskõq
- Votic: joossõ