Appendix:Thai script

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This appendix explains characters written in the Thai script.

Consonants

[edit]
No. Symbol Name Royal Thai IPA Class
Thai (Paiboon/Wiktionary transliteration) RTGS (meaning) Initial Final Initial Final
1 ไก่ (gɔɔ gài) ko kai (chicken) k k k k mid
2 ไข่ (kɔ̌ɔ kài) kho khai (egg) kh k k high
3 ขวด (kɔ̌ɔ kùuat) kho khuat (bottle) [obsolete] kh k k high
4 ควาย (kɔɔ kwaai) kho khwai (water buffalo) kh k k low
5 คน (kɔɔ kon) kho khon (person) [obsolete] kh k k low
6 ระฆัง (kɔɔ rá-kang) kho ra-khang (bell) kh k k low
7 งู (ngɔɔ nguu) ngo ngu (snake) ng ng ŋ ŋ low
8 จาน (jɔɔ jaan) cho chan (plate) ch t t mid
9 ฉิ่ง (chɔ̌ɔ chìng) cho ching (cymbals) ch - tɕʰ - high
10 ช้าง (chɔɔ cháang) cho chang (elephant) ch t tɕʰ t low
11 โซ่ (sɔɔ sôo) so so (chain) s t s t low
12 เฌอ (chɔɔ chəə) cho choe (bush) ch - tɕʰ - low
13 หญิง (yɔɔ yǐng) yo ying (woman) y n j n low
14 ชฎา (dɔɔ chá-daa) do cha-da (headdress) d t d t mid
15 ปฏัก (dtɔɔ bpà-dtàk) to pa-tak (goad, cattleprod spear) t t t t mid
16 ฐาน (tɔ̌ɔ tǎan) tho than (base) th t t high
17 มณโฑ tho nangmon-tho (Mandodari, character from Ramayana) th t t low
18 ผู้เฒ่า tho phu-thao (elder) th t t low
19 เณร no nen (novice monk) n n n n low
20 เด็ก do dek (child) d t d t mid
21 เต่า to tao (turtle) t t t t mid
22 ถุง tho thung (sack) th t t high
23 ทหาร tho thahan (soldier) th t t low
24 ธง tho thong (flag) th t t low
25 หนู no nu (mouse) n n n n low
26 ใบไม้ bo baimai (leaf) b p b p mid
27 ปลา po pla (fish) p p p p mid
28 ผึ้ง pho phueng (bee) ph - - high
29 ฝา fo fa (lid) f - f - high
30 พาน pho phan (tray) ph p p low
31 ฟัน fo fan (teeth) f p f p low
32 สำเภา pho sam-phao (sailboat) ph p p low
33 ม้า mo ma (horse) m m m m low
34 ยักษ์ yo yak (giant) y y j j low
35 เรือ ro ruea (boat) r n r n low
36 ลิง lo ling (monkey) l n l n low
37 แหวน wo waen (ring) w w w w low
38 ศาลา so sala (pavilion) s t s t high
39 ฤๅษี so rue-si (hermit) s t s t high
40 เสือ so suea (tiger) s t s t high
41 หีบ ho hip (chest) h - h - high
42 จุฬา lo chu-la (kite) l n l n low
43 อ่าง o ang (basin) * - ʔ - mid
44 นกฮูก ho nok-huk (owl) h - h - low

* อ is a special case in that at the beginning of a word it is used as a silent initial for syllables that start with a vowel (all vowels are written relative to a consonant — see below). The same symbol is used as a vowel in non-initial position.

Vowels

[edit]
Symbol Name IPA Royal Variants Similar Sound
implied a a u u in "nut"
– – implied o o o   oa in "boat"
–รร ro han * ɑn an un un in tun; same as -ัน
–รร– ro han * ɑ a u u in "nut"; same as -ั-
–รรม ro han with mo ma as closing consonant * ɑm am um um in "hum"; same as -ำ
–ว– sara ua * ua ua uar ewe in "newer"
–วย sara ua with yo yak as closing consonant uɛj uai uay uoy in "buoy"
–อ sara o ɔː o or, aw aw in "saw"
–อย sara o with yo yak as closing consonant ɔːj oi oy oy in "boy"
–ะ sara a a u u in "nut"
–ั – sara a in mai han-akat form a a u u in "nut"
–ัย sara a with yo yak as closing consonant ɑj ai   i in "hi"
–ัว sara ua ua ua   ewe in "newer"
–ัวะ sara ua uaʔ ua   ewe in "sewer"
–า sara a a ah, ar, aa a in "father"
–าย sara a with yo yak as closing consonant aːj ai aai, aay, ay ye in "bye"
–าว sara a with wo waen as closing consonant aːw ao au ow in "now"
–ำ sara am ɑm am um um in "sum"
–ิ sara i i i   y in "greedy"
–ิว sara i with wo waen as closing consonant iw io ew ew in "new"
–ี sara i i ee, ii, y ee in "see"
–ึ sara ue ɯ ue eu, u, uh u in French "du" (short)
–ื sara ue ɯː ue eu, u u in French "dur" (long)
–ุ sara u u u oo oo in "look"
–ู sara u u oo, uu oo in "too"
เ– sara e e ay, a, ae, ai, ei a in "lame"
เ–็ – sara e with mai taikhu e e   e in "neck"
เ–ะ sara e e eh e in "neck"
เ–ย sara oe with yo yak as closing consonant ɤːj oei oey u in "burn" + y in "boy"
เ–อ sara oe ɤː oe er, eu, ur u in "burn"
เ–อะ sara oe ɤʔ oe eu e in "the"
เ–ิ – sara oe ɤ oe eu, u e in "the"
เ–ว sara e with wo waen as closing consonant eːw eo eu, ew ai + ow in "rainbow"
เ–า sara ao aw ao aw, au, ow ow in "cow"
เ–าะ sara o ɔʔ o orh, oh, or o in "not"
เ–ีย sara ia iːa ia ear, ere, ie ea in "ear"
เ–ียะ sara ia iaʔ ia iah, ear, ie ea in "ear" with glottal stop
เ–ียว sara ia with wo waen as closing consonant io iao eaw, iew, iow io in "trio"
เ–ือ sara uea ɯːa uea eua, ua, ue ure in "pure"
เ–ือะ sara uea ɯaʔ uea eua, ua ure in "pure"
แ– sara ae ɛː ae a a in "ham"
แ–ะ sara ae ɛʔ ae aeh, a a in "at"
แ–็ – sara ae with mai taikhu ɛ ae aeh, a a in "at"
แ–ว sara ae with wo weaen as closing consonant ɛːw aeo aew, eo a in "ham" + ow in "low"
โ– sara o o or, oh, ô o in "go"
โ–ะ sara o o oh o in "poke"
ใ– sara ai mai muan ** ɑj ai ay, y i in "I"
ไ– sara ai mai malai ɑj ai ay, y i in "I"
ro rue (short) * rue ru, ri ri in "Krishna"
ฤๅ ro rue (long) * rɯː rue ruu
lo lue (short) * lue lu, li li in "Lima"
ฦๅ lo lue (long) * lɯː lue lu

* These are semi-vowels or diphthongs written with consonant symbols.

** Only 20 Thai words use sara ai mai muan (ใ). Other words use one of the /ɑj/ variants.