Appendix:Dictionary notes/back

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Adjective

[edit]
gloss W1913 [1] WN [2] OED [3] RHU [4] CC [5] DCE [6] MW3 [7] AH4 [8] MQ4 [9]
at the back or in the rear 1 1 1 31 29 1 1a 1 25
distant, remote (included in 1) 1a 32 32 1b 2 26
in arrears 2 3a 34 2a 4
moving or operating backward 3 7 35 3a 5? 28
near the posterior (included in 1?) 2
of the past (~ issues) 3 3b 33 30 4 3 27
pertaining to the spine 24
located behind 23
pronounced with the tongue back 1c 37 (phonetics) 33 (phonetics) 7 (technical) 1c 6 (linguistics) 29
reciprocal 36 (navigation)
inferior; obscure 1b
returning 6 3b
behind and subsidiary 2 2?
due for prior service (~ pay) 31 2b (included in 4)
from the back (~ view) 3

Adverb

[edit]
gloss W1913 [1] WN [2] OED [3] RHU [4] CC [5] DCE [6] MW3 [7] AH4 [8] MQ4 [9]
in or toward the rear 1 2 1 34 1a 1
to the original place 2 1 5 35 1 2a 2
to a former state 3 3 6, 7a (original state) 2 3
ago 4 11 (included in 7) 2b
away from contact 5 10
in reserve 6 10? 39 1f 5
in restraint 7 1e1 6
in return (pay ~) 8 6 8 37 6 2c1 7
in withdrawal 9 3 (included in 2c3)
in arrears 10 12 1g
backward in time 4 4 36 7, 12 (toward the beginning) 1c 4
in reply 5 (included in 37) 5 2c3 (included in 7)
away from the front or ordinary position 2 1b
(having) returned 7b
together with an alcoholic drink 13 (US slang)
at less than a perpendicular angle 1d
in a disadvantageous state 1e2
backstage 1h
in retaliation (included in 37) 2c2
once again (read ~) 8 3
in check 38
in a former place 3
backward in space 4
in a relaxed way 9

Noun

[edit]
gloss W1913 [1] WN [2] OED [3] RHU [4] CC [5] DCE [6] MW3 [7] AH4 [8] MQ4 [9]
large shallow vat 1 1II 1II 1II
ferryboat 2
hinder part of the body 1II 1 1 (anatomical), 2a 1 (humans), 2 (animals) 1 (human), 2 (animal) 1 1a1 (human), 1b (vertebrates) 1a (human), 1b (animal) 1 (humans), 2 (animals)
extended upper part (~ of the hills) 2II
outward or upper part 3II 2b1
rear part of a thing (opposite front) 4II 2 3a 6 4 2 2a1 3 5
part out of sight, or opposite the part in view 5II 3 5a 5 3 (less important) 2a2 4
edge of a tool opposite the cutting edge 6II 4d 2c6
reserve support 7II
keel and keelson 8II (nautical) 17 9 (nautical)
upper part of a lode 9II (mining) 2b5 12? (mining)
roof of a horizontal underground passage (included in 9II) (mining) 17 (mining) (stope or drift) 2b4
portion of clothing covering the back 10II 7 9 (rear of garment) 8 6
player in the backfield 4 (soccer) 21 (soccer) (included in 18a) 16 8a (various sports) 10 (soccer etc.)
spine 5 9 3 1c 2 7
book binding 6 4c 13 9 1f 7a, 7b (included in 8)
backrest 8 10 4 2d
player behind the line of scrimmage 9 (US football) (included in 18a) 5b
rear of any body part 3 3
whole body, for clothing purposes 2b 4 1a2 4
rear part providing reinforcement 8
capacity to bear a responsibility 10
inside margin of a page 2f2 13 (printing)
effort 5
part forming the rear (included in 10) 7
part of an object providing support 10 7 6
forward part of propeller blade 11 (nautical, aviation)
upper part of aircraft fuselage 12 (aviation)
exterior curve of an arch 15 (architecture)
upper side of a joist 16a (carpentry)
area of wall between window stool and floor 16b (carpentry)
player behind the line of contact 18a (sports) 8a 5a
position of a player behind the line of contact 18b (sports) 8b 8b
part of the body which carries burdens 2c
the part of an animal body opposite the motor organs 2d
room at the back of a house 3b
outer side of the hand 4a
underside of a leaf 4b
back country; back 40 5b
the time after 6 (obsolete)
back armor 8a
defense 8b
rear of an army 11 (archaic)
following; supporters 12 (obsolete)
surface of waves, etc. 13 1e?
ridge 14 (obsolete)
convex part of a bent surface 15
upper part of a horizontal beam 16 (archaic) 2b2
removable rear part of camera body 2007 addendum (photography)
capacity to endure 1a3
jumpee position in leapfrog 1g
remote part 2a3
side of a type piece 2b3
cleavage in coal seam ? 2b6
backing (hunting dog) ? 3
convex part of a sawtooth 2j
longest leaf of a leaf spring 2i
back yard 2h
reverse of paper money 2g
last pages of a book 5 2f1
upper surface of tongue opposite the soft palate 4
non-forward rugby player 5b
reverse side 5
part furthest from the front 6 (included in 2)

Verb

[edit]
gloss W1913 [1] WN [2] OED [3] RHU [4] CC [5] DCE [6] MW3 [7] AH4 [8] MQ4 [9]
drive backward 3 4 15a, 15b 21 20 2 3a 1 15
provide financial backing 5 (included in 22) (included in 1a) (included in 1d) (included in 14)
move backward 1II 2 16a 29 (included in 20) (included in 2) 1II 1II 21
provide one's support to 7 1,3 (endorse) 19 22 1a 1a 3 14
substantiate 9 5? 1b 1b 6
mount 1 10a (rare) 25 2 17 (archaic)
place upon the back 2 20 (US)
furnish with a back 4 10 2a 22 24 3 4a 2 18
be at the back of 5 6 3 23 4 4b 7 19
write on the back of 6
indorse (~ a check) (included in 6) (included in 1) 12a (warrant), 12b (check) 26 26 1d 20
bet on the success of 8 7 7 20 23 6 (risk money) 1c 5 16
shift counterclockwise (of wind) 2II (nautical) 8 17 30 (nautical) 28 3II 2II 22 (nautical)
stand still behind another dog which has pointed 3II (hunting) 9 (hunting) 6, 2II
accompany musically 4c 24 25 5 1III 4
attach laths to the upper part of a joist or rafter 27 (carpentry)
move a sail so the forward face is into the wind 28a (nautical) 8
brace yards while backing a sail 28b (nautical)
reinforce an anchor with a smaller one dropped further away 28c (nautical) 7
coat the back of a plate with a light-absorbing substance 2b 4e
prepare a book for binding boards 2c 4d
provide physical support 4 (included in 1a)
set or lay back 14a
abut at the back 21 27 4II
supply the first stage of exhaustion for a pump 1e
make a sound while moving the tonge further back 3b
print on the reverse as well as the front 12c 4c1
fill a shell with metal to form a printing plate 4c2
reinforce a stereotype matrix so it can withstand the pressure of molten metal 4c3
address an envelope 5 (dialectal)

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=back
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=back
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50016262 (subscription) Those senses not attested after 1500 are ignored here.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/back
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 HarperCollins Publishers (2001) “back”, in Sinclair et al., editors, Collins Concise Dictionary, 5th ed., →ISBN, pages 101-102
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Pearson Education Ltd. (2003) “back”, in Quirk et al., editors, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 4th ed., →ISBN, pages 91-92
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/unabridged?va=back (subscription)
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 http://www.bartleby.com/61/95/B0009500.html
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/ (subscription)