-stul

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Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From -st (adverb of manner suffix) +‎ -ul (adverb of manner suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-stul

  1. (adverb-forming suffix) with, together with, along with. Forms the sociative case (sometimes also referred to as comitative case), although it is not an actual case from a strictly syntactic point of view.
    ruha (clothes) + ‎-stul → ‎ruhástul (with all one's clothes (on)) (as in "he went into the water with all his clothes on")

Usage notes

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  • (adverb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -stul is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
    ruha (clothes)ruhástul – with his/her/their clothes on
    -stül is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
    bögre (mug)bögréstül – along with his/her/their mug
    -ostul is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    család (family)családostul – together with his/her/their family
    -astul is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    héj (peel, shell)héjastul – including its peel/shell
    -estül is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    gyerek (child)gyerekestül – along with his/her/their child or children
    -östül is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    öltöny (suit)öltönyöstül – in his/her/their suit

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ -stul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)