-nut

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See also: nut, Nut, NUT, nút, and nût

Finnish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-nut.

Suffix

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-nut (front vowel harmony variant -nyt, linguistic notation -nUt)

  1. Used to form past active participle forms of verbs.
    Sadat sukset tehneenä tiedän, mistä puhun.
    Having made one hundred pairs of skis I know what I'm talking about.
    Sen tehneenä henkilönä hänen pitäisi tietää.
    As the person who made it, s/he should know.
    1. Used to form past indicative connegative forms of verbs.
      En ole tehnyt mitään.
      I have done nothing.

Usage notes

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  • (past active participle): Some inflected forms have specific uses:
    • genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone having done an action according to that report or observation.
      Hänen sanotaan tehneen sen.
      S/he was said to have done it.
  • When attached to consonant stems, the preceding consonant may either
    • if it is -l-, -r- or -s-, assimilate the -n-, as happens with verbs in the conjugation classes rohkaista (66), tulla (67), juosta (70) as well as the irregular verbs olla and seistä,
    • or, if it is -t-, it will instead be assimilated, resulting in an ending -nnut, as happens with verbs in the conjugation classes valita (69), vanheta (72), salata (73), katketa (74) and selvitä (75).
  • An alternative analysis is that this ending has the variants -ut and -nnut, and which ending is used depends on the verb's conjugation. -nut is used with the verbs that end in a long (doubled) -a / -ä, diphthong or in -da / -dä', i.e. the verbs of the following conjugation classes:

Declension

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Inflection of -nut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation)
nominative -nut -neet
genitive -neen -neiden
-neitten
partitive -nutta -neita
illative -neeseen -neisiin
-neihin
singular plural
nominative -nut -neet
accusative nom. -nut -neet
gen. -neen
genitive -neen -neiden
-neitten
partitive -nutta -neita
inessive -neessa -neissa
elative -neesta -neista
illative -neeseen -neisiin
-neihin
adessive -neella -neilla
ablative -neelta -neilta
allative -neelle -neille
essive -neena -neina
translative -neeksi -neiksi
abessive -neetta -neitta
instructive -nein
comitative -neine
Possessive forms of -nut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -neeni -neeni
accusative nom. -neeni -neeni
gen. -neeni
genitive -neeni -neideni
-neitteni
partitive -nuttani -neitani
inessive -neessani -neissani
elative -neestani -neistani
illative -neeseeni -neisiini
-neihini
adessive -neellani -neillani
ablative -neeltani -neiltani
allative -neelleni -neilleni
essive -neenani -neinani
translative -neekseni -neikseni
abessive -neettani -neittani
instructive
comitative -neineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -neesi -neesi
accusative nom. -neesi -neesi
gen. -neesi
genitive -neesi -neidesi
-neittesi
partitive -nuttasi -neitasi
inessive -neessasi -neissasi
elative -neestasi -neistasi
illative -neeseesi -neisiisi
-neihisi
adessive -neellasi -neillasi
ablative -neeltasi -neiltasi
allative -neellesi -neillesi
essive -neenasi -neinasi
translative -neeksesi -neiksesi
abessive -neettasi -neittasi
instructive
comitative -neinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -neemme -neemme
accusative nom. -neemme -neemme
gen. -neemme
genitive -neemme -neidemme
-neittemme
partitive -nuttamme -neitamme
inessive -neessamme -neissamme
elative -neestamme -neistamme
illative -neeseemme -neisiimme
-neihimme
adessive -neellamme -neillamme
ablative -neeltamme -neiltamme
allative -neellemme -neillemme
essive -neenamme -neinamme
translative -neeksemme -neiksemme
abessive -neettamme -neittamme
instructive
comitative -neinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -neenne -neenne
accusative nom. -neenne -neenne
gen. -neenne
genitive -neenne -neidenne
-neittenne
partitive -nuttanne -neitanne
inessive -neessanne -neissanne
elative -neestanne -neistanne
illative -neeseenne -neisiinne
-neihinne
adessive -neellanne -neillanne
ablative -neeltanne -neiltanne
allative -neellenne -neillenne
essive -neenanne -neinanne
translative -neeksenne -neiksenne
abessive -neettanne -neittanne
instructive
comitative -neinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -neensa -neensa
accusative nom. -neensa -neensa
gen. -neensa
genitive -neensa -neidensa
-neittensa
partitive -nuttaan
-nuttansa
-neitaan
-neitansa
inessive -neessaan
-neessansa
-neissaan
-neissansa
elative -neestaan
-neestansa
-neistaan
-neistansa
illative -neeseensa -neisiinsa
-neihinsa
adessive -neellaan
-neellansa
-neillaan
-neillansa
ablative -neeltaan
-neeltansa
-neiltaan
-neiltansa
allative -neelleen
-neellensa
-neilleen
-neillensa
essive -neenaan
-neenansa
-neinaan
-neinansa
translative -neekseen
-neeksensa
-neikseen
-neiksensa
abessive -neettaan
-neettansa
-neittaan
-neittansa
instructive
comitative -neineen
-neinensa

Ingrian

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-nut (front vowel variant -nyt)

  1. Alternative form of -nt

Usage notes

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  • After the consonants -l, -r, -s the initial -n- of the suffix is assimilated:
    ol- + ‎-nut → ‎ollut
    pur- + ‎-nut → ‎purrut

Declension

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Declension of -nut (type 14/olt, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative -nut -nneet
genitive -nneen -nnein
partitive -nutta -nneita
illative -nneesse -nneisse
inessive -nnees -nneis
elative -nneest -nneist
allative -nneelle -nneille
adessive -nneel -nneil
ablative -nneelt -nneilt
translative -nneeks -nneiks
essive -nneenna, -nneen -nneinna, -nnein
exessive1) -nneent -nneint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.