跪く

Japanese

Kanji in this term
跪
ひざまず Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “膝 + ま?? + 付く”) Derived from 膝 (hiza, “knee”). Cognate with Sawada Miyako 膝じぃー (psamazïï, “kneeling”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひざまず​く [hìzámázúꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [4])
• IPA^(key): [çiza̠ma̠zɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

跪(ひざまず)く • (hizamazuku) ^{←ひざまづく (fizamaduku)?}intransitive godan (stem 跪(ひざまず)き (hizamazuki), past 跪(ひざまず)いた (hizamazuita))

1. to kneel

Conjugation

Conjugation of "跪く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	跪か	ひざまずか	hizamazuka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	跪き	ひざまずき	hizamazuki
Shūshikei ("terminal")	跪く	ひざまずく	hizamazuku
Rentaikei ("attributive")	跪く	ひざまずく	hizamazuku
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	跪け	ひざまずけ	hizamazuke
Meireikei ("imperative")	跪け	ひざまずけ	hizamazuke
Key constructions
Passive	跪かれる	ひざまずかれる	hizamazukareru
Causative	跪かせる 跪かす	ひざまずかせる ひざまずかす	hizamazukaseru hizamazukasu
Potential	跪ける	ひざまずける	hizamazukeru
Volitional	跪こう	ひざまずこう	hizamazukō
Negative	跪かない	ひざまずかない	hizamazukanai
Negative continuative	跪かず	ひざまずかず	hizamazukazu
Formal	跪きます	ひざまずきます	hizamazukimasu
Perfective	跪いた	ひざまずいた	hizamazuita
Conjunctive	跪いて	ひざまずいて	hizamazuite
Hypothetical conditional	跪けば	ひざまずけば	hizamazukeba

Classical conjugation of "跪く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	跪か	ひざまづか	fizamaduka
Continuative (連用形)	跪き	ひざまづき	fizamaduki
Terminal (終止形)	跪く	ひざまづく	fizamaduku
Attributive (連体形)	跪く	ひざまづく	fizamaduku
Realis (已然形)	跪け	ひざまづけ	fizamaduke
Imperative (命令形)	跪け	ひざまづけ	fizamaduke
Key constructions
Negative	跪かず	ひざまづかず	fizamadukazu
Contrasting conjunction	跪けど	ひざまづけど	fizamadukedo
Causal conjunction	跪けば	ひざまづけば	fizamadukeba
Conditional conjunction	跪かば	ひざまづかば	fizamadukaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	跪きき	ひざまづきき	fizamadukiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	跪きけり	ひざまづきけり	fizamadukikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	跪きつ	ひざまづきつ	fizamadukitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	跪きぬ	ひざまづきぬ	fizamadukinu
Perfect-continuative tense	跪けり 跪きたり	ひざまづけり ひざまづきたり	fizamadukeri fizamadukitari
Volitional	跪かむ	ひざまづかむ	fizamadukamu