焦

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See also: 焳
焦 U+7126, 焦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7126
← 焥
[U+7125] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 焧 →
[U+7127]

Translingual

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Han character

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焦 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人土火 (OGF), four-corner 20331, composition ⿱隹灬)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 674, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19119
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2212, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7126

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 焦
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (焦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
癄 *ʔsrews
焦 *ʔsew
蕉 *ʔsew
鷦 *ʔsew
僬 *ʔsew, *ʔsews, *zew
噍 *ʔsew, *zews
膲 *ʔsew
鐎 *ʔsew, *zew
蟭 *ʔsew
燋 *ʔsew, *ʔsewɢ
醮 *ʔsews
潐 *ʔsews
趭 *ʔsews, *zews, *lews
樵 *zew
譙 *zew
憔 *zew
劁 *zew, *zews
顦 *zew
嶕 *zew
撨 *zew, *seːw
穛 *ʔsreːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 火 (“fire”).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 焦

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to cook; to bake”). Cognate with Tibetan འཚོད ('tshod, “to cook”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil”).

Pronunciation

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Note: literary.
Note: literary.
Note:
  • literary;
  • ziao1 - Shantou;
  • ziou1 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 焦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 即消切
Baxter tsjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sjæu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siaw/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛu/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ziu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 焦 焦
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiāo jiāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjew › ‹ tsjew ›
Old
Chinese 		/*S.tew/ /*S.tew/
English burn, scorch Jiao (place name)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 焦
Reading # 1/1
No. 6341
Phonetic
component 		焦
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		焦
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsew/

Definitions

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焦

  1. burned; scorched
  2. coke (solid fuel)
  3. anxious; vexed
  4. (traditional Chinese medicine) burner
  5. a surname
Synonyms
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  • (burned): (Cantonese) 燶
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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焦

  1. (physics) Short for 焦耳 (jiāo'ěr, “joule (energy unit)”).

Etymology 3

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Possibly the same as etymology 1. However, Bodman (1980) relates it to Proto-Vietic *trawᴮ (“dry”).

Pronunciation

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simp. and trad.
 焦
alternative forms 乾／干
燋
凋
礁
灱 Teochew

Note: vernacular.
Note: vernacular.
Note:
  • vernacular;
  • na - only used in 干焦.
Note: vernacular.

Definitions

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焦

  1. (Min, Jianning Gan) dry
  2. (Singapore Hokkien) cheers!
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 乾 (“dry”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 乾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 乾
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 乾
Taiwan 乾
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 乾
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 乾
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 乾
Xi'an 乾
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 乾
Wuhan 乾, 乾燥, 乾迸
Guiyang 乾
Guilin 乾
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 乾
Yangzhou 乾
Hefei 乾
Mandarin Malaysia 乾
Singapore 乾
Cantonese Guangzhou 乾
Hong Kong 乾
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 燥
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 燥
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 燥
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 乾
Macau 乾
Guangzhou (Panyu) 乾
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 乾
Guangzhou (Conghua) 乾
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 乾
Foshan 乾
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 乾
Foshan (Shunde) 乾
Foshan (Sanshui) 乾
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 乾
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 乾
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 乾
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 乾
Zhuhai (Doumen) 乾
Jiangmen (Baisha) 乾
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 乾
Taishan 乾
Kaiping (Chikan) 乾
Enping (Niujiang) 乾
Heshan (Yayao) 乾
Dongguan 乾, 燥
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 乾
Yangjiang 燥
Singapore (Guangfu) 乾
Gan Nanchang 乾
Hakka Meixian 乾, 燥
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 乾
Dongguan (Qingxi) 燥
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 燥
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 燥
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 燥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燥
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燥
Hong Kong 燥
Huizhou Jixi 乾
Jin Taiyuan 乾
Northern Min Jian'ou 焦
Eastern Min Fuzhou 焦, 乾
Southern Min Xiamen 焦
Quanzhou 焦
Zhangzhou 焦
Dongshan 焦
Tainan 焦
Penang (Hokkien) 焦
Singapore (Hokkien) 焦
Manila (Hokkien) 焦
Chaozhou 焦
Raoping 焦
Shantou 焦
Singapore (Teochew) 焦
Wenchang 乾
Qionghai 乾
Singapore (Hainanese) 乾, 焦
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 乾
Wu Shanghai 乾
Shanghai (Chongming) 乾
Suzhou 乾, 燥
Danyang 乾
Wenzhou 燥
Xiang Changsha 乾
Shuangfeng 乾, 燥
Dialectal synonyms of 乾杯 (“cheers!”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 乾杯
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 乾杯
Taiwan 乾杯
Harbin 乾杯
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 乾杯
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 乾杯
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 乾杯
Wanrong 乾杯
Xining 乾杯, 乾杯子
Xuzhou 乾了, 見底兒, 乾杯
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 喝淨, 乾杯
Lanzhou 乾杯, 乾了
Ürümqi 乾杯
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 乾杯, 乾了
Wuhan 乾杯
Guiyang 乾了, 喝乾, 見底
Liuzhou 乾杯
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 乾杯
Mandarin Singapore 乾杯
Cantonese Guangzhou 飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯
Hong Kong 飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 飲勝
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 乾杯
Macau 飲勝
Guangzhou (Panyu) 乾杯, 飲勝
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 飲勝
Guangzhou (Conghua) 乾杯, 飲勝
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 飲勝
Foshan 飲勝
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 乾杯, 飲勝
Foshan (Shunde) 飲勝
Foshan (Sanshui) 飲勝
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 飲勝
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 飲勝
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 飲勝
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 飲贏佢
Zhuhai (Doumen) 飲勝
Jiangmen (Baisha) 飲勝
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 飲嗮佢
Taishan 飲嗮佢, 飲勝
Kaiping (Chikan) 飲應佢
Enping (Niujiang) 飲嗮佢
Heshan (Yayao) 飲勝
Dongguan 飲勝, 勝
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 乾杯
Shaoguan 乾杯, 飲勝
Yunfu 飲勝
Xinyi 乾杯
Lianjiang 乾杯, 飲勝
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 飲勝
Singapore (Guangfu) 飲勝
Gan Lichuan 乾杯
Pingxiang 照杯
Hakka Meixian 乾杯, 深飲, 盡盅
Xingning 飲勝
Dongguan (Qingxi) 乾杯
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 乾杯
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 乾杯
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 乾杯
Yudu 乾杯
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 乾杯
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 乾杯
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 乾杯
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 乾杯
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 乾杯
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 乾杯
Hong Kong 飲
Senai (Huiyang) 飲勝
Huizhou Jixi 乾杯
Jin Taiyuan 乾杯
Xinzhou 乾杯
Eastern Min Fuzhou 乾杯
Southern Min Taipei 乾杯 GT, 乾 GT, 予焦啦 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 飲勝
Singapore (Hokkien) 焦, 予焦啦
Chaozhou 乾杯
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 乾杯
Leizhou 乾盅
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 乾
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 飲齊去
Wu Shanghai 乾杯
Shanghai (Chongming) 呷乾
Suzhou 乾杯, 照面
Hangzhou 乾杯
Ningbo 碰杯
Jinhua 乾杯
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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焦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. char
  2. hurry

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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焦 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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焦: Hán Nôm readings: tiêu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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