悲觀主義

See also: 悲观主义 and 悲観主義

Chinese

		pessimistic	doctrine; ideology; -ism doctrine; ideology; -ism; position; stance
trad. (悲觀主義)		悲觀	主義
simp. (悲观主义)		悲观	主义

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bēiguānzhǔyì

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bēiguānzhǔyì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: beiguanjhǔyì
    • Wade–Giles: pei¹-kuan¹-chu³-i⁴
    • Yale: bēi-gwān-jǔ-yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beiguanjuuyih
    • Palladius: бэйгуаньчжуи (bɛjguanʹčžui)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶
    • Yale: bēi gūn jyú yih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹ gun¹ dzy² ji⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: béi¹ gun¹ ju² yi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

Noun

悲觀主義

1. pessimism

Antonyms

• 樂觀主義／乐观主义 (lèguān zhǔyì)