堅苦

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (堅苦)		堅	苦
simp. (坚苦)		坚	苦

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānkǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ fu²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānkǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiankǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹-kʻu³
    • Yale: jyān-kǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiankuu
    • Palladius: цзяньку (czjanʹku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gin¹ fu²
    • Yale: gīn fú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ fu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹ fu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/

Adjective

堅苦

1. hardworking and persevering

Synonyms

• 亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
• 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
• 力落 (Teochew)
• 努力 (nǔlì)
• 勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
• 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
• 勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
• 勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
• 勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
• 勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
• 勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
• 巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
• 巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
• 急計／急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 用功 (yònggōng)
• 發狠／发狠 (fa³ hen⁶) (Xiang)
• 耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)
• 骨力 (Hokkien, Puxian Min)