なば
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Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Compound of な (na, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of ぬ (nu, particle of perfect tense)) + ば (ba, conditional suffix).[1][2]
First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- pitch accent depends on the verb to which this suffix attaches
Suffix[edit]
- [from 759] (Classical Japanese) used for anticipating and assuming how something goes when the matter is completed
-
- 之保非奈婆 麻多母和礼許牟 伊射遊賀武 於伎都志保佐為 多可久多知伎奴 [Man'yōgana]
- 潮干なば またも我来む いざ行かむ 沖つ潮騒 高く立ち来ぬ [Modern spelling]
- <Sipo pi₂naba mata mo₂ ware ko₂mu iza yukamu oki₁ tu siposawi takaku tatiki₁nu>
→ Shio hinaba mata mo ware komu iza yukamu oki tsu shiosai takaku tachikinu - When the tide hath ebbed, I'll come here again; now 'tis time to go, offshore whitecaps have come arisen high.
-
- [from 759] (Classical Japanese) used to state the speaker's expectation if something were the case certainly
- 1739, Ishida Baigan (石田梅岩), Tohi Mondō (都鄙問答), book 2:
- 心だにまことの道にかなひなば祈らずとても神や守らん
- kokoro dani makoto no michi ni kanainaba inorazu tote mo kami ya mamoran
- If at least thine heart hath agreed with the true path, then the god will protect thee even if thou prayest not.
- 心だにまことの道にかなひなば祈らずとても神や守らん
Etymology 2[edit]
According to one theory, a shortening of 蘖 (nabae, “a bud growing from a tree stump”), of which the na- element is of uncertain origin. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Cognate with Kunigami なばー (nabā, “mushroom”), Okinawan なーば (nāba, “mushroom”), Miyako なば (naba, “dirt, filth; scurf on body skin”), Yonaguni なば (naba, “mushroom”).
First cited to the Myōgoki of 1275.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Hiroshima) なば [náꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- (Yugi, Hiroshima) なば [náꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- (Fukuoka) なば [náꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- (Kitagata, Saga) なば [náꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- (Kitagata, Saga) なば [náꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- (Kagami, Kumamoto) なば [nàbáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3]
- (Notsu, Oita) なば [náꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- IPA(key): [na̠ba̠]
Noun[edit]
- [from 1275] 茸: (dialectal, Chūgoku, Kyūshū, western part of Shikoku) mushroom
- Synonym: 茸 (kinoko)
- 今晩、なば煮ちゃろういね。
- Konban, naba nicharōine.
- Tonight, I'm a-goin' to boil mushrooms for ye. (Shimonoseki dialect)
- くそなば ― kusonaba ― (Hiroshima dialect): inedible mushrooms (literally, “shitty mushrooms”)
Derived terms[edit]
- きなば (kinaba, “wood ear”, Kagoshima dialect)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “なば”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “なば”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), page 1478
- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.