ἄθλιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἆθλος (âthlos, “conflict, struggle”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, “a suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.tʰli.os/ → /ˈa.θli.os/ → /ˈa.θli.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.tʰli.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.tʰli.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.θli.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.θli.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.θli.os/

Adjective

ἄθλῐος • (áthlios) m (feminine ἀθλίᾱ, neuter ἄθλῐον); first/second declension

1. struggling, unhappy, wretched, miserable
2. (Byzantine) pertaining to a competition

Declension

First and second declension of ἄθλῐος; ἀθλῐ́ᾱ; ἄθλῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἄθλῐος áthlios	ἀθλῐ́ᾱ athlíā	ἄθλῐον áthlion		ἀθλῐ́ω athlíō	ἀθλῐ́ᾱ athlíā	ἀθλῐ́ω athlíō		ἄθλῐοι áthlioi	ἄθλῐαι áthliai	ἄθλῐᾰ áthlia
Genitive		ἀθλῐ́ου athlíou	ἀθλῐ́ᾱς athlíās	ἀθλῐ́ου athlíou		ἀθλῐ́οιν athlíoin	ἀθλῐ́αιν athlíain	ἀθλῐ́οιν athlíoin		ἀθλῐ́ων athlíōn	ἀθλῐ́ων athlíōn	ἀθλῐ́ων athlíōn
Dative		ἀθλῐ́ῳ athlíōi	ἀθλῐ́ᾳ athlíāi	ἀθλῐ́ῳ athlíōi		ἀθλῐ́οιν athlíoin	ἀθλῐ́αιν athlíain	ἀθλῐ́οιν athlíoin		ἀθλῐ́οις athlíois	ἀθλῐ́αις athlíais	ἀθλῐ́οις athlíois
Accusative		ἄθλῐον áthlion	ἀθλῐ́ᾱν athlíān	ἄθλῐον áthlion		ἀθλῐ́ω athlíō	ἀθλῐ́ᾱ athlíā	ἀθλῐ́ω athlíō		ἀθλῐ́ους athlíous	ἀθλῐ́ᾱς athlíās	ἄθλῐᾰ áthlia
Vocative		ἄθλῐε áthlie	ἀθλῐ́ᾱ athlíā	ἄθλῐον áthlion		ἀθλῐ́ω athlíō	ἀθλῐ́ᾱ athlíā	ἀθλῐ́ω athlíō		ἄθλῐοι áthlioi	ἄθλῐαι áthliai	ἄθλῐᾰ áthlia
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἀθλῐ́ως athlíōs				ἀθλῐώτερος athliṓteros				ἀθλῐώτᾰτος athliṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• παντάθλιος (pantáthlios)

Further reading

• ἄθλιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἄθλιος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• ἄθλιος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• “ἄθλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • deplorable idem, page 212.
  • disconsolate idem, page 230.
  • dismal idem, page 235.
  • doleful idem, page 246.
  • forlorn idem, page 338.
  • grievous idem, page 373.
  • hapless idem, page 384.
  • heart-broken idem, page 392.
  • lamentable idem, page 474.
  • melancholy idem, page 524.
  • miserable idem, page 533.
  • moping idem, page 540.
  • mournful idem, page 544.
  • piteous idem, page 615.
  • poor idem, page 626.
  • rueful idem, page 724.
  • sad idem, page 730.
  • sorrowful idem, page 795.
  • suffering idem, page 835.
  • tearful idem, page 859.
  • tragic idem, page 886.
  • unfortunate idem, page 918.
  • unhappy idem, page 920.
  • woeful idem, page 986.
  • wretched idem, page 993.