ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ
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Proto-Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]This form cannot be directly descended from Proto-Germanic *þôz, feminine nominative/accusative plural of *sa (“that”) (whence Gothic 𐌸𐍉𐍃 (þōs)). It rather appears to be formed from masculine nominative plural *þai, suffixed with the feminine ending *-ōz.[1] Compare ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ /þrijōʀ/, “three”) (feminine nominative), formed in the same way.
Pronoun
[edit]ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ (þᴀiᴀʀ /þaiaʀ/) (feminine nominative/accusative plural) (Transitional Period)
- they, these
- 600s, inscription on the Istaby Runestone
- ᛡᚠᚨᛏᛉᚺᛡᚱᛁᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᚨ ¶ ᚺᛡᚦᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛉᚺᛡᛖᚱᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛁᛉ ¶ ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏᚱᚢᚾᛡᛉᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ
ᴀfatzhᴀriwulafa ¶ hᴀþuwulafzhᴀeruwulafiz ¶ warᴀitrunᴀzþᴀiᴀz- afᵃtr Hariwulᵃfa, Haþuwulᵃfʀ Hjeruwulᵃfīʀ, wᵃrait rūnaʀ þaiaʀ
- In memory of Hariwulfʀ, Haþuwulfʀ, the descendant of Heruwulfʀ, wrote these runes.
- 600s, inscription on the Istaby Runestone
Descendants
[edit]The vowel shift is identical to that of tvær (“two”, feminine nominative/accusative).
References
[edit]- ^ Elmer H., Antonsen (1975) A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →ISBN, page 84