ძამლი

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Old Georgian

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Etymology

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Attested only once in the translation of Physiologus.

Marr, unaware of the Kartvelian origin of the obscure ძამლი (ʒamli), supposed that მწავ[ი] ძამლი (mc̣av[i] ʒamli) represented a partial calque of Old Armenian շնջրի (šnǰri, otter, literally aquatic dog) thus considering ძამლი (ʒamli) to be a miswriting of ძაღლი (ʒaɣli) and corrupting the phrase to მწავ-ძაღლი (mc̣av-ʒaɣli, literally otter-dog). This incorrect assumption was accepted by other scholars and henceforth copied into other dictionaries of Old Georgian.[1]

Marr's theory however was rejected by Gigineišvili, according to whom a miswriting of ძამლი (ʒamli) instead of ძაღლი (ʒaɣli) is hard to accept due to the fact that (m) and (ɣ) don't look similar in any of the alphabets (cf., against in Asomtavruli, against in Nuskhuri). Furthermore he notices the relationship of ძამლი (ʒamli) with Laz ძემური (żemuri, rat; squirrel), for which he reconstructs Proto-Georgian-Zan *ʒaml- (rat), thus making the need to change text in anyway obsolete.[2] Accepted by Fähnrich and Klimov.[3][4]

Noun

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ძამლი (ʒamli)

  1. rat
    • c. 970 CE, Physiologus Chapter XXVIII:[5]
      [...] მწავ[ი] ძამლი მდინარისაჲ არს.
      [...] mc̣av[i] ʒamli mdinarisay ars.
      [...] the otter is a river rat

References

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  1. ^ Marr, N. (1904) Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии. Книга VI. Физиолог. Армяно-грузинский извод [Texts and research in Armenian–Georgian philology. Book VI. Physiologus. Armenian–Georgian recension] (Издания Факультета восточных языков Императорского С.-Петербургского университета; 5), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 117
  2. ^ Gigineišvili, Bakar (1980) “"Saxismeṭq̇uelis" Kartuli targmanis erti adgilis gagebisatvis [On the interpretation of a passage in the Georgian translation of the Physiologus]”, in Mravaltavi: pilologiur-isṭoriuli ʒiebani (in Georgian), volume 7, Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 123―126
  3. ^ Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 587
  4. ^ Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 277
  5. ^ Gigineišvili Bakar and Giunašvili Elguǯa, editors (1979), Šaṭberdis ḳrebuli X sauḳunisa [The Shatberdi Codex of X Century] (Ʒveli kartuli mc̣erlobis ʒeglebi; 1)‎[1] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 188

Further reading

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  • Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “მწავ-ძაღლი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎[2] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 309a, accepts the form corrupted by Marr
  • Sardshweladse, Surab, Fähnrich, Heinz (2005) “ძამლი”, in Altgeorgisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch (Handbook of Oriental Studies; VIII.12), with the collaboration of Irine Melikishvili and Sopio Sardshweladse, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1468b