पितृ

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Hindi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ). Doublet of पिता (pitā).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

पितृ • (pitŕ) m (Urdu spelling پتر)

  1. father
    Coordinate term: मातृ (mātŕ)
  2. paternal ancestor

Declension[edit]

Declension of पितृ (masc r-stem)
singular plural
direct पितृ
pitŕ 		पितृ
pitŕ
oblique पितृ
pitŕ 		पितृओं
pitŕõ
vocative पितृ
pitŕ 		पितृओ
pitŕo

Sanskrit[edit]

Alternative scripts[edit]

Alternative scripts

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtā́ (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 (pitar), Latin pater, Ancient Greek πᾰτήρ (patḗr), Old Armenian հայր (hayr), Old Persian 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (p-i-t-a /⁠pitā⁠/) (whence Persian پدر (pedar)), Old English fæder (whence English father).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

पितृ • (pitṛ́) stem, m

  1. a father
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.55.5:
      सस्तु माता सस्तु पिता सस्तु श्वा सस्तु विश्पतिः ।
      ससन्तु सर्वे ज्ञातयः सस्त्वयमभितो जनः ॥
      sastu mātā sastu pitā sastu śvā sastu viśpatiḥ.
      sasantu sarve jñātayaḥ sastvayamabhito janaḥ.
      May the mother sleep, may the father sleep, may the dog and the village chief sleep.
      Let all the kinsmen and all the people who are round about sleep.
    Synonyms: जनितृ (janitṛ), तत (tata)
  2. (in the plural) paternal ancestor; forefather
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.42.5:
      आ तत् ते दस्र मन्तुमः पूषन्न् अवो वृणीमहे ।
      येन पितॄन् अचोदयः ॥
      ā tat te dasra mantumaḥ pūṣann avo vṛṇīmahe.
      yena pitṝn acodayaḥ.
      Wise Pūṣan, Wonder-Worker, we claim of thee now the aid wherewith thou furtheredst our ancestors of old.
    1. The Pitrs; spirits of the deceased ancestors venerated in the Vedic religion
      • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VI.1.1:
        देवमनुष्या दिशो व्यभजन्त प्राचीं देवा दक्षिणा पितरः प्रतीचीम् मनुष्या उदीचीꣳ रुद्राः । यत् प्राचीनवꣳशं करोति देवलोकम् एव तद् यजमान उपावर्तते परि श्रयति । अन्तर्हितो हि देवलोको मनुष्यलोकात् ।
        devamanuṣyā diśo vyabhajanta prācīṃ devā dakṣiṇā pitaraḥ pratīcīm manuṣyā udīcīṃ rudrāḥ. yat prācīnavaṃśaṃ karoti devalokam eva tad yajamāna upāvartate pari śrayati. antarhito hi devaloko manuṣyalokāt.
        The gods and the men divided the quarters [of the world]; the gods (obtained) the eastern, the Pitrs (obtained) the southern, men (obtained) the western, the Rudras (obtained) the northern. In that, he makes a hall with beams pointing east, the worshipper approaches the world of the gods. He covers it over, for the world of the gods is hidden from the world of men.

Declension[edit]

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of पितृ (pitṛ́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative पिता
pitā́ 		पितरौ / पितरा¹
pitárau / pitárā¹ 		पितरः
pitáraḥ
Vocative पितः
pítaḥ 		पितरौ / पितरा¹
pítarau / pítarā¹ 		पितरः
pítaraḥ
Accusative पितरम्
pitáram 		पितरौ / पितरा¹
pitárau / pitárā¹ 		पितॄन् / पितरः
pitṝ́n / pitaraḥ
Instrumental पित्रा
pitrā́ 		पितृभ्याम्
pitṛ́bhyām 		पितृभिः
pitṛ́bhiḥ
Dative पित्रे
pitré 		पितृभ्याम्
pitṛ́bhyām 		पितृभ्यः
pitṛ́bhyaḥ
Ablative पितुः
pitúḥ 		पितृभ्याम्
pitṛ́bhyām 		पितृभ्यः
pitṛ́bhyaḥ
Genitive पितुः
pitúḥ 		पित्रोः
pitróḥ 		पितॄणाम्
pitṝṇā́m
Locative पितरि
pitári 		पित्रोः
pitróḥ 		पितृषु
pitṛ́ṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • the nom. pl. is used also as acc. pl. in the epics

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Helu Prakrit:
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • Pali: pitar

Borrowed terms[edit]

References[edit]

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