شما

See also: سما

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian ʾšmʾ, ʿšmʾ (ašmā, išmā, “you”), from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (plural)”). Compare Southern Luri ایسا (īsâ, “you”) and Bakhtiari ایسا (īsâ, “you”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃu.ˈmɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃʊ.mɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃu.mɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃo.mɒ́ː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃu.mɔ́]

Readings
Classical reading?	šumā
Dari reading?	šumā
Iranian reading?	šomâ
Tajik reading?	šumo

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Pronoun

Dari	شما
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шумо, Шумо

شُما • (šomâ)

1. you (formal, polite, and grammatically plural)

See also

Persian personal pronouns (Iranian Persian)

		singular	plural
1st person		مَن (man)	ما (mâ)
2nd person	familiar	تو (to)	شُما (šomâ)
	polite	شُما (šomâ)
3rd person	general	او (u) اون (on)*	آن‌ها (ân-hâ), آنان (ânân) اونا (onâ)*
	formal	وِی (vey)	ایشان (išân)
	polite	ایشان (išân)
* colloquial pronunciations

Persian personal pronouns (Classical and Dari)

		singular	plural
1st person		من (man), مه (ma)*	ما (mā)
2nd person	familiar	تو (tū)	شما (šumā)
	polite	شما (šumā)
3rd person	general	او (ō), آن (ān)	آن‌ها (ān-hā), آنان (ānān), آنا (ānā)*, اونا (ōnā)*
	formal	وی (way)	ایشان (ēšān)
	polite	ایشان (ēšān)
* colloquial Dari pronunciations

References

• Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 538