جد

See also: حد, خد, and خذ

Arabic

Root
ج د د (j-d-d)

Etymology 1

Cognate with Hebrew גד (gad).

Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I, non-past يَجِدُّ‎ (yajiddu)

1. to be new

Conjugation

Conjugation of

جَدَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun جِدَّة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جِدَّة jidda
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَادّ jādd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتَ jadadta	جَدَّ jadda		جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّا jaddā		جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُمْ jadadtum	جَدُّوا jaddū
	f		جَدَدْتِ jadadti	جَدَّتْ jaddat			جَدَّتَا jaddatā			جَدَدْتُنَّ jadadtunna	جَدَدْنَ jadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	يَجِدُّ yajiddu		تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	يَجِدَّانِ yajiddāni		نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجِدُّونَ tajiddūna	يَجِدُّونَ yajiddūna
	f		تَجِدِّينَ tajiddīna	تَجِدُّ tajiddu			تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدَّ tajidda	يَجِدَّ yajidda		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ tajidda			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجِدَّ or أَجِدِّ or أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda or ʔajiddi or ʔajdid	تَجِدَّ or تَجِدِّ or تَجْدِدْ tajidda or tajiddi or tajdid	يَجِدَّ or يَجِدِّ or يَجْدِدْ yajidda or yajiddi or yajdid		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ or نَجِدِّ or نَجْدِدْ najidda or najiddi or najdid	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ or تَجِدِّ or تَجْدِدْ tajidda or tajiddi or tajdid			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جِدَّ or جِدِّ or اِجْدِدْ jidda or jiddi or ijdid			جِدَّا jiddā				جِدُّوا jiddū
	f		جِدِّي jiddī							اِجْدِدْنَ ijdidna

Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I, non-past يَجِدُّ‎ (yajiddu)

1. to be serious
2. to be earnest

Conjugation

Conjugation of

جَدَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun جِدّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جِدّ jidd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَادّ jādd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتَ jadadta	جَدَّ jadda		جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّا jaddā		جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُمْ jadadtum	جَدُّوا jaddū
	f		جَدَدْتِ jadadti	جَدَّتْ jaddat			جَدَّتَا jaddatā			جَدَدْتُنَّ jadadtunna	جَدَدْنَ jadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	يَجِدُّ yajiddu		تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	يَجِدَّانِ yajiddāni		نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجِدُّونَ tajiddūna	يَجِدُّونَ yajiddūna
	f		تَجِدِّينَ tajiddīna	تَجِدُّ tajiddu			تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدَّ tajidda	يَجِدَّ yajidda		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ tajidda			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجِدَّ or أَجِدِّ or أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda or ʔajiddi or ʔajdid	تَجِدَّ or تَجِدِّ or تَجْدِدْ tajidda or tajiddi or tajdid	يَجِدَّ or يَجِدِّ or يَجْدِدْ yajidda or yajiddi or yajdid		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ or نَجِدِّ or نَجْدِدْ najidda or najiddi or najdid	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ or تَجِدِّ or تَجْدِدْ tajidda or tajiddi or tajdid			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جِدَّ or جِدِّ or اِجْدِدْ jidda or jiddi or ijdid			جِدَّا jiddā				جِدُّوا jiddū
	f		جِدِّي jiddī							اِجْدِدْنَ ijdidna

Noun

جِدّ • (jidd) m

1. verbal noun of جَدَّ (jadda, “to be serious, to be earnest”)
2. seriousness, earnestness
3. diligence, assiduity, eagerness

Declension

Declension of noun جِدّ (jidd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جِدّ jidd	الْجِدّ al-jidd	جِدّ jidd
Nominative	جِدٌّ jiddun	الْجِدُّ al-jiddu	جِدُّ jiddu
Accusative	جِدًّا jiddan	الْجِدَّ al-jidda	جِدَّ jidda
Genitive	جِدٍّ jiddin	الْجِدِّ al-jiddi	جِدِّ jiddi

Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural جُدُود (judūd))

1. good luck, good fortune

Declension

Declension of noun جَدّ (jadd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَدّ jadd	الْجَدّ al-jadd	جَدّ jadd
Nominative	جَدٌّ jaddun	الْجَدُّ al-jaddu	جَدُّ jaddu
Accusative	جَدًّا jaddan	الْجَدَّ al-jadda	جَدَّ jadda
Genitive	جَدٍّ jaddin	الْجَدِّ al-jaddi	جَدِّ jaddi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَدَّيْن jaddayn	الْجَدَّيْن al-jaddayn	جَدَّيْ jadday
Nominative	جَدَّانِ jaddāni	الْجَدَّانِ al-jaddāni	جَدَّا jaddā
Accusative	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
Genitive	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جُدُود judūd	الْجُدُود al-judūd	جُدُود judūd
Nominative	جُدُودٌ judūdun	الْجُدُودُ al-judūdu	جُدُودُ judūdu
Accusative	جُدُودًا judūdan	الْجُدُودَ al-judūda	جُدُودَ judūda
Genitive	جُدُودٍ judūdin	الْجُدُودِ al-judūdi	جُدُودِ judūdi

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒadd/

Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural أَجْدَاد (ʔajdād) or جُدُود (judūd) or جُدُودَة (judūda), feminine جَدَّة (jadda))

1. grandfather
2. ancestor
3. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) glory
4. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) Majesty
5. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) grandeur
6. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) excellence
7. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) ancient

Declension

Declension of noun جَدّ (jadd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَدّ jadd	الْجَدّ al-jadd	جَدّ jadd
Nominative	جَدٌّ jaddun	الْجَدُّ al-jaddu	جَدُّ jaddu
Accusative	جَدًّا jaddan	الْجَدَّ al-jadda	جَدَّ jadda
Genitive	جَدٍّ jaddin	الْجَدِّ al-jaddi	جَدِّ jaddi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَدَّيْن jaddayn	الْجَدَّيْن al-jaddayn	جَدَّيْ jadday
Nominative	جَدَّانِ jaddāni	الْجَدَّانِ al-jaddāni	جَدَّا jaddā
Accusative	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
Genitive	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَجْدَاد‎; جُدُود‎; جُدُودَة ʔajdād‎; judūd‎; judūda	الْأَجْدَاد‎; الْجُدُود‎; الْجُدُودَة al-ʔajdād‎; al-judūd‎; al-judūda	أَجْدَاد‎; جُدُود‎; جُدُودَة ʔajdād‎; judūd‎; judūdat
Nominative	أَجْدَادٌ‎; جُدُودٌ‎; جُدُودَةٌ ʔajdādun‎; judūdun‎; judūdatun	الْأَجْدَادُ‎; الْجُدُودُ‎; الْجُدُودَةُ al-ʔajdādu‎; al-judūdu‎; al-judūdatu	أَجْدَادُ‎; جُدُودُ‎; جُدُودَةُ ʔajdādu‎; judūdu‎; judūdatu
Accusative	أَجْدَادًا‎; جُدُودًا‎; جُدُودَةً ʔajdādan‎; judūdan‎; judūdatan	الْأَجْدَادَ‎; الْجُدُودَ‎; الْجُدُودَةَ al-ʔajdāda‎; al-judūda‎; al-judūdata	أَجْدَادَ‎; جُدُودَ‎; جُدُودَةَ ʔajdāda‎; judūda‎; judūdata
Genitive	أَجْدَادٍ‎; جُدُودٍ‎; جُدُودَةٍ ʔajdādin‎; judūdin‎; judūdatin	الْأَجْدَادِ‎; الْجُدُودِ‎; الْجُدُودَةِ al-ʔajdādi‎; al-judūdi‎; al-judūdati	أَجْدَادِ‎; جُدُودِ‎; جُدُودَةِ ʔajdādi‎; judūdi‎; judūdati

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: يد (yad(d))

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “جد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate

Etymology 3

Verb

جِدْ • (jid) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of وَجَدَ (wajada)

Verb

جُدْ • (jud) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of وَجَدَ (wajada)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒadd/

Noun

جد • (jadd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدة (jadda))

1. grandfather

   جدي توفى هادي شي سبع سنين. ― jaddi twaffa hādi ši sabʕ snīn. ― My grandfather died approximately 7 years ago.

2. ancestor

   جدودنا كانوا رجال. ― jdūdna kānu rjāl. ― Our ancestors were brave men.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Noun

جد • (cedd) (plural اجداد)

1. ancestor

Descendants

• Turkish: cet

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒadð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪d̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪d̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪d̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪d̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæd̪d̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪d̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	jaḏḏ
Dari reading?	jadd
Iranian reading?	jadd
Tajik reading?	jadd

Noun

Dari	جد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷад

جد • (jadd) (plural اجداد (ajdād))

1. ancestor
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 367:

     گر نبودی کوشش احمد تو هم
     می‏پرستیدی چو اجدادت صنم‏

     gar na-būdī kōšiš-i ahmad tū ham
     mē-parastīdī čō ajdād-at sanam

     Had it not been for the efforts of Ahmad, you also,
     like your ancestors, would be worshipping idols.

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “جد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒadd/, [ʒad]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Noun

جدّ • (jadd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدّة (jadde))

1. grandfather

   Endearing form: جدّو (jaddo)

   Synonym: سيد (sīd)

Etymology 2

From Arabic جِدّ (jidd).

Noun

جدّ • (jadd) m

1. seriousness, earnestness

Derived terms

• عن جد (ʕan jadd, “seriously, really”)