λύζω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *slewk-, *slewg- (“to swallow”). Cognates are found in Celtic and Germanic, like in Welsh llyncu (“to swallow”) and in Middle High German slucken (“to gobble, swallow”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /lýz.dɔː/ → /ˈly.zo/ → /ˈli.zo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /lýz.dɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈly.zo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈly.zo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈly.zo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈli.zo/

Verb

λύζω • (lúzō)

1. to hiccup
2. to sob violently, from fear or cold

Inflection

   Present: λύζω, λύζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	λύζω	λύζεις	λύζει	λύζετον	λύζετον	λύζομεν	λύζετε	λύζουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	λύζω	λύζῃς	λύζῃ	λύζητον	λύζητον	λύζωμεν	λύζητε	λύζωσῐ(ν)
	optative	λύζοιμῐ	λύζοις	λύζοι	λύζοιτον	λυζοίτην	λύζοιμεν	λύζοιτε	λύζοιεν
	imperative		λῦζε	λυζέτω	λύζετον	λυζέτων		λύζετε	λυζόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	λύζομαι	λύζῃ, λύζει	λύζεται	λύζεσθον	λύζεσθον	λυζόμεθᾰ	λύζεσθε	λύζονται
	subjunctive	λύζωμαι	λύζῃ	λύζηται	λύζησθον	λύζησθον	λυζώμεθᾰ	λύζησθε	λύζωνται
	optative	λυζοίμην	λύζοιο	λύζοιτο	λύζοισθον	λυζοίσθην	λυζοίμεθᾰ	λύζοισθε	λύζοιντο
	imperative		λύζου	λυζέσθω	λύζεσθον	λυζέσθων		λύζεσθε	λυζέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		λύζειν				λύζεσθαι
participle	m	λύζων				λυζόμενος
	f	λύζουσᾰ				λυζομένη
	n	λῦζον				λυζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἔλυζον, ἐλυζόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔλυζον	ἔλυζες	ἔλυζε(ν)	ἐλύζετον	ἐλυζέτην	ἐλύζομεν	ἐλύζετε	ἔλυζον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐλυζόμην	ἐλύζου	ἐλύζετο	ἐλύζεσθον	ἐλυζέσθην	ἐλυζόμεθᾰ	ἐλύζεσθε	ἐλύζοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔλυγξᾰ, ἐλυγξᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔλυγξᾰ	ἔλυγξᾰς	ἔλυγξε(ν)	ἐλύγξᾰτον	ἐλυγξᾰ́την	ἐλύγξᾰμεν	ἐλύγξᾰτε	ἔλυγξᾰν
	subjunctive	λύγξω	λύγξῃς	λύγξῃ	λύγξητον	λύγξητον	λύγξωμεν	λύγξητε	λύγξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	λύγξαιμῐ	λύγξειᾰς, λύγξαις	λύγξειε(ν), λύγξαι	λύγξαιτον	λυγξαίτην	λύγξαιμεν	λύγξαιτε	λύγξειᾰν, λύγξαιεν
	imperative		λῦγξον	λυγξᾰ́τω	λύγξᾰτον	λυγξᾰ́των		λύγξᾰτε	λυγξᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐλυγξᾰ́μην	ἐλύγξω	ἐλύγξᾰτο	ἐλύγξᾰσθον	ἐλυγξᾰ́σθην	ἐλυγξᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐλύγξᾰσθε	ἐλύγξᾰντο
	subjunctive	λύγξωμαι	λύγξῃ	λύγξηται	λύγξησθον	λύγξησθον	λυγξώμεθᾰ	λύγξησθε	λύγξωνται
	optative	λυγξαίμην	λύγξαιο	λύγξαιτο	λύγξαισθον	λυγξαίσθην	λυγξαίμεθᾰ	λύγξαισθε	λύγξαιντο
	imperative		λῦγξαι	λυγξᾰ́σθω	λύγξᾰσθον	λυγξᾰ́σθων		λύγξᾰσθε	λυγξᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		λῦγξαι			λύγξᾰσθαι
participle	m	λύγξᾱς			λυγξᾰ́μενος
	f	λύγξᾱσᾰ			λυγξᾰμένη
	n	λῦγξᾰν			λυγξᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀναλύζω (analúzō)
• ἐπιλύζω (epilúzō)
• ὑπολύζω (hupolúzō)

 

Related terms

• λύγδην (lúgdēn)
• λυγκαίνω (lunkaínō)
• λυγμός (lugmós)
• λυγμώδης (lugmṓdēs)
• λύγξ (lúnx)

 

Further reading

• “λύζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “λύζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• λύζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN