αὐστηρός

See also: αυστηρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”). Cognate with English sear.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /au̯s.tɛː.rós/ → /aɸs.tiˈros/ → /afs.tiˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /au̯s.tɛː.rós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aʍs.te̝ˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aɸs.tiˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /afs.tiˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /afs.tiˈros/

Adjective

αὐστηρός • (austērós) m (feminine αὐστηρᾱ́, neuter αὐστηρόν); first/second declension

1. bitter, harsh

Inflection

First and second declension of αὐστηρός; αὐστηρᾱ́; αὐστηρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		αὐστηρός austērós	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρόν austērón		αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρώ austērṓ		αὐστηροί austēroí	αὐστηραί austēraí	αὐστηρᾰ́ austērá
Genitive		αὐστηροῦ austēroû	αὐστηρᾶς austērâs	αὐστηροῦ austēroû		αὐστηροῖν austēroîn	αὐστηραῖν austēraîn	αὐστηροῖν austēroîn		αὐστηρῶν austērôn	αὐστηρῶν austērôn	αὐστηρῶν austērôn
Dative		αὐστηρῷ austērôi	αὐστηρᾷ austērâi	αὐστηρῷ austērôi		αὐστηροῖν austēroîn	αὐστηραῖν austēraîn	αὐστηροῖν austēroîn		αὐστηροῖς austēroîs	αὐστηραῖς austēraîs	αὐστηροῖς austēroîs
Accusative		αὐστηρόν austērón	αὐστηρᾱ́ν austērā́n	αὐστηρόν austērón		αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρώ austērṓ		αὐστηρούς austēroús	αὐστηρᾱ́ς austērā́s	αὐστηρᾰ́ austērá
Vocative		αὐστηρέ austēré	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρόν austērón		αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρώ austērṓ		αὐστηροί austēroí	αὐστηραί austēraí	αὐστηρᾰ́ austērá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		αὐστηρῶς austērôs				αὐστηρότερος austēróteros				αὐστηρότᾰτος austērótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

• αὔω (aúō, “light a fire”)
• αὖος (aûos, “dry”)

Descendants

• Greek: αυστηρός (afstirós)
• → Latin: austerus (see there for further descendants)

References

• “αὐστηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “αὐστηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• αὐστηρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• αὐστηρός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G840 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • acid idem, page 8.
  • astringent idem, page 48.
  • austere idem, page 53.
  • harsh idem, page 387.
  • rough idem, page 722.
  • sour idem, page 796.
  • tart idem, page 856.