sḫꜣj

See also: shꜣj and sḥꜣj

Egyptian

FWOTD – 6 December 2019

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ḫꜣj (“to measure, to examine”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsiχʀit/ → /ˈsiχʀiʔ/ → /ˈseχja/ → /ˈseχjə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiχʀit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiχʀiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈseχja/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈseχjə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛxɑi/
  • Conventional anglicization: sekhai

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf. or caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to recall, to remember
2. (transitive) to bring to mind
3. (transitive) to mention
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 128–129:

     nn sḫꜣ.j n.k zꜣt ktt jnt.n.j m zšꜣ

     I won’t mention to you the little daughter I had gotten by prayer.

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫꜣj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sḫꜣ, geminated stem: sḫꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sḫꜣt, sḫꜣj	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ	sḫꜣt, sḫꜣwt, sḫꜣyt	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sḫꜣ	ḥr sḫꜣt, ḥr sḫꜣj	m sḫꜣt, m sḫꜣj	r sḫꜣt, r sḫꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sḫꜣ.n	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy	consecutive	sḫꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sḫꜣt
perfective3	sḫꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sḫꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy	potentialis1	sḫꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sḫꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sḫꜣw1, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ
imperfective	sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣy, sḫꜣꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣj6, sḫꜣꜣy6	sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣw5
prospective	sḫꜣw1, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣtj7	—	sḫꜣwtj1 4, sḫꜣtj4, sḫꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Some authors instead interpret this verb as a causative biliteral:

Conjugation of sḫꜣ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sḫꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sḫꜣt, sḫꜣ	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ	sḫꜣt	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sḫꜣ	ḥr sḫꜣ	m sḫꜣ	r sḫꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sḫꜣ.n	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ	consecutive	sḫꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sḫꜣt
perfective3	sḫꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sḫꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sḫꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy	potentialis1	sḫꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sḫꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sḫꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sḫꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣw5, sḫꜣy5
imperfective	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣj6, sḫꜣy6	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣw5
prospective	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣtj7	—	sḫꜣwtj1 4, sḫꜣtj4, sḫꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḫꜣj  

sḫꜣj	sḫꜣj

Antonyms

• smḫ

Derived terms

• sḫꜣw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 232.12–233.26
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 240
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 171, 331.
• Allen, James Peter (1984) The Inflection of the Verb in the Pyramid Texts, Malibu, California: Undena Publications, →ISBN, page 591