rudisha

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-rudisha (infinitive kurudisha)

  1. Causative form of -rudia: to return something, to give back

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -rudisha
Positive present -narudisha
Subjunctive -rudishe
Negative -rudishi
Imperative singular rudisha
Infinitives
Positive kurudisha
Negative kutorudisha
Imperatives
Singular rudisha
Plural rudisheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurudisha
Positive past positive subject concord + -lirudisha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kurudisha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narudisha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninarudisha/narudisha tunarudisha
2nd person unarudisha mnarudisha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarudisha wanarudisha
other classes positive subject concord + -narudisha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -rudishi)
Singular Plural
1st person sirudishi haturudishi
2nd person hurudishi hamrudishi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) harudishi hawarudishi
other classes negative subject concord + -rudishi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarudisha
Negative future negative subject concord + -tarudisha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rudishe)
Singular Plural
1st person nirudishe turudishe
2nd person urudishe mrudishe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arudishe warudishe
other classes positive subject concord + -rudishe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirudishe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerudisha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerudisha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirudisha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirudisha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arudisha)
Singular Plural
1st person narudisha twarudisha
2nd person warudisha mwarudisha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arudisha warudisha
m-mi(III/IV) warudisha yarudisha
ji-ma(V/VI) larudisha yarudisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) charudisha vyarudisha
n(IX/X) yarudisha zarudisha
u(XI) warudisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwarudisha
pa(XVI) parudisha
mu(XVIII) mwarudisha
Perfect positive subject concord + -merudisha
"Already" positive subject concord + -mesharudisha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarudisha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kirudisha
"If not" positive subject concord + -siporudisha
Consecutive karudisha / positive subject concord + -karudisha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karudishe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nirudisha -turudisha
2nd person -kurudisha -warudisha/-kurudisheni/-warudisheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrudisha -warudisha
m-mi(III/IV) -urudisha -irudisha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lirudisha -yarudisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirudisha -virudisha
n(IX/X) -irudisha -zirudisha
u(XI) -urudisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kurudisha
pa(XVI) -parudisha
mu(XVIII) -murudisha
Reflexive -jirudisha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rudisha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -rudishaye -rudishao
m-mi(III/IV) -rudishao -rudishayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -rudishalo -rudishayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -rudishacho -rudishavyo
n(IX/X) -rudishayo -rudishazo
u(XI) -rudishao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -rudishako
pa(XVI) -rudishapo
mu(XVIII) -rudishamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rudisha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yerudisha -orudisha
m-mi(III/IV) -orudisha -yorudisha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lorudisha -yorudisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorudisha -vyorudisha
n(IX/X) -yorudisha -zorudisha
u(XI) -orudisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -korudisha
pa(XVI) -porudisha
mu(XVIII) -morudisha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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