gian khổ

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See also: gian khó

Vietnamese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 艱苦.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zaːn˧˧ xo˧˩]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˧˨] ~ [jaːŋ˧˧ xow˧˨] invalid IPA characters (][)
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦] ~ [jaːŋ˧˧ xow˨˩˦] invalid IPA characters (][)

Noun[edit]

gian khổ

  1. hardship; misery; adversity
    kinh qua nhiều gian khổ chông gai ― to go through a hard time

Adjective[edit]

gian khổ

  1. hard; difficult; arduous
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