aicher

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ.ʃe/, /e.ʃe/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

aicher

1. Alternative form of escher

Conjugation

Conjugation of aicher (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aicher
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	aichant /ɛ.ʃɑ̃/ or /e.ʃɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		aiché /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	aiche /ɛʃ/	aiches /ɛʃ/	aiche /ɛʃ/	aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ or /e.ʃɔ̃/	aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/	aichent /ɛʃ/
	imperfect	aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/	aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/	aichait /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/	aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃjɔ̃/	aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ or /e.ʃje/	aichaient /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/
	past historic2	aichai /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/	aichas /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/	aicha /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/	aichâmes /ɛ.ʃam/ or /e.ʃam/	aichâtes /ɛ.ʃat/ or /e.ʃat/	aichèrent /ɛ.ʃɛʁ/ or /e.ʃɛʁ/
	future	aicherai /ɛʃ.ʁe/	aicheras /ɛʃ.ʁa/	aichera /ɛʃ.ʁa/	aicherons /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/	aicherez /ɛʃ.ʁe/	aicheront /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/	aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/	aicherait /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/	aicherions /ɛ.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/	aicheriez /ɛ.ʃə.ʁje/ or /e.ʃə.ʁje/	aicheraient /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aiche /ɛʃ/	aiches /ɛʃ/	aiche /ɛʃ/	aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃjɔ̃/	aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ or /e.ʃje/	aichent /ɛʃ/
	imperfect2	aichasse /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/	aichasses /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/	aichât /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/	aichassions /ɛ.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃa.sjɔ̃/	aichassiez /ɛ.ʃa.sje/ or /e.ʃa.sje/	aichassent /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	aiche /ɛʃ/	—	aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ or /e.ʃɔ̃/	aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• achar
• acher

Etymology

Borrowing from Latin ācer, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaxʲer/

Adjective

aicher

1. sharp, fierce, (of the wind) bitter
   • 9th century, “Is acher in gaíth in-nocht...”

     IS acher ingáith innocht · fufuasna fairggæ findḟolt
     ni ágor réimm mora minn · dondláechraid lainn ua lothlind.

     Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
     I fear not the coursing of a clear sea by the fierce heroes from Lothlend.

Declension

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	aicher	aicher	aicher
Vocative	aichir* aicher**
Accusative	aicher	aichir
Genitive	aichir	aichre	aichir
Dative	aichiur	aichir	aichiur
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	aichir	aichrea
Vocative	aichriu aichrea†
Accusative	aichriu aichrea†
Genitive	aicher
Dative	aichrib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Descendants

• Irish: aichear

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
aicher	unchanged	n-aicher
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aicher”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scots

Alternative forms

• icker, aiker
• aicherag (Diminutive)

Etymology

From Middle Scots echer, from Northumbrian Old English æhher, from Proto-Germanic *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”). Cognate with English ear.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈexər/

Noun

aicher (plural aichers)

1. (Orkney, Caithness) ear (of corn)
2. (Orkney, Caithness) stalk of corn with ear still on

Derived terms

• aicherd

References

• “aicher, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
• Eagle, Andy, editor (2024), “aicher”, in The Online Scots Dictionary‎^[1]