Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twinaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *twinjaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dwino- (“twin”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). Cognate with Lithuanian dvynys (“twin”), Russian дво́йня (dvójnja, “twin”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtwi.nɑz/

Adjective

*twinaz

1. double, two each

Noun

*twinaz m

1. twin

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *twinaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*twinaz	*twinōz, *twinōs
vocative	*twin	*twinōz, *twinōs
accusative	*twiną	*twinanz
genitive	*twinas, *twinis	*twinǫ̂
dative	*twinai	*twinamaz
instrumental	*twinō	*twinamiz

Derived terms

• *twinjaz
• *twinilaz
• *twinilingaz

Related terms

• *twihnaz/*twīhnaz

Descendants

• ⇒ Old English: twin, twinn, tƿin
  • Middle English: twinne, twynne
    • Scots: twin, twyn
    • English: twin
  • ⇒ Old English: *twinling
    • Middle English: twynlynge
      • English: twinling
  • ⇒ Old English: ġetwin, ġetwinn, ġetƿin (< *twinjaz)
• Old Frisian: twina, twine
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: *twinling, *twilling
    • Saterland Frisian: Twilling
    • West Frisian: twilling
      • → English: twinling
• ⇒ Old Saxon: *twenling
  • Middle Low German: twēlink
    • (German Low German: Twennel)
• ⇒ Old Dutch: *twinling
  • Middle Dutch: twiling, twilling, tweiling, tweilinc, tweelinc
    • Dutch: tweeling
• Old High German: zwinal, zwenel
  • ⇒ Old High German: zwiniling
    • Middle High German: zwineling, zwinling, zwillinc
      • German: Zwilling
• Old Norse: tvinnr, tvennr (< *twinjaz)
  • Icelandic: tvennur
    • ⇒ Icelandic: tvenna
  • Faroese: tvinnur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tvenn, tvinn
  • ⇒ Old Norse: tvinnir (plural), tvennir (plural)
    • Icelandic: tvennir
    • Faroese: tvennir
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: tvenne
    • Old Swedish: tvænne
      • Swedish: tvenne
    • Old Danish: twænnæ, twinnæ
      • Danish: tvende
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: tvenne, tvende
  • ⇒ Old Norse: *tvinlingr
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: tvilling
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: tvilling
    • Old Swedish: tvinlinger
      • Swedish: tvilling
    • Old Danish: tvinling
      • Danish: tvilling