Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/happōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From pre-Germanic *kh₂pnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *habjaną (“to have”).

Verb

*happōną

1. (West Germanic) to grab, snatch

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *happ- against *hab-.

Conjugation of *happōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*happō	*happǭ	—	*happōi	?
2nd singular	*happōsi	*happōs	*happō	*happōsai	*happōsau
3rd singular	*happōþi	*happō	*happōþau	*happōþai	*happōþau
1st dual	*happōs	*happōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*happōþiz	*happōþiz	*happōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*happōmaz	*happōm	—	*happōnþai	*happōnþau
2nd plural	*happōþ	*happōþ	*happōþ	*happōnþai	*happōnþau
3rd plural	*happōnþi	*happōn	*happōnþau	*happōnþai	*happōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*happōdǭ	*happōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*happōdēz	*happōdēdīz
3rd singular	*happōdē	*happōdēdī
1st dual	*happōdēdū	*happōdēdīw
2nd dual	*happōdēdudiz	*happōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*happōdēdum	*happōdēdīm
2nd plural	*happōdēdud	*happōdēdīd
3rd plural	*happōdēdun	*happōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*happōndz	*happōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *happōn, *habbōn
  • Old Dutch:
    • Middle Dutch:
      • Dutch: happen, habben (early modern)

Etymology 2

From pre-Germanic *kobʰnéh₂- an o-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kobʰ- (“to succeed”). Probably related to Old Irish cob (“victory”), Old Church Slavonic кобь (kobĭ, “fate”).

Verb

*happōną

1. (North Germanic) to succeed, happen

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *happ- against *hab-.

Conjugation of *happōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*happō	*happǭ	—	*happōi	?
2nd singular	*happōsi	*happōs	*happō	*happōsai	*happōsau
3rd singular	*happōþi	*happō	*happōþau	*happōþai	*happōþau
1st dual	*happōs	*happōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*happōþiz	*happōþiz	*happōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*happōmaz	*happōm	—	*happōnþai	*happōnþau
2nd plural	*happōþ	*happōþ	*happōþ	*happōnþai	*happōnþau
3rd plural	*happōnþi	*happōn	*happōnþau	*happōnþai	*happōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*happōdǭ	*happōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*happōdēz	*happōdēdīz
3rd singular	*happōdē	*happōdēdī
1st dual	*happōdēdū	*happōdēdīw
2nd dual	*happōdēdudiz	*happōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*happōdēdum	*happōdēdīm
2nd plural	*happōdēdud	*happōdēdīd
3rd plural	*happōdēdun	*happōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*happōndz	*happōdaz

Related terms

• *gahappaz
• *happą

Descendants

• Old Norse: *happa, *habba
  • Swedish: happa, habba (dialectal)

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN