Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gʷeleti

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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Unknown. The related term *gʷeltā (grass, pasture) having gw- reflexes in Brythonic necessitate reconstructing a labiovelar, which means that their root must have originally contained *gʷʰ-. However, no such root *gʷʰel- with a relevant meaning is known for Proto-Indo-European.[1] Pokorny compares Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (wool), see also *woltos (hair (of the head)), Proto-Slavic *volsъ (hair).[2]

Verb

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*gʷeleti

  1. to graze

Inflection

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Thematic present, t-preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gʷelū *gʷelemam ? *gʷilam
2nd singular *gʷelesi *gʷeletās ? *gʷils
3rd singular *gʷeleti *gʷeleto ? *gʷilt
1st plural *gʷelomosi *gʷelemo ? *gʷilme
2nd plural *gʷeletesi *gʷelestē ? *gʷilte
3rd plural *gʷelonti *gʷelento ? *gʷilant
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular ? ?
2nd singular ? ? *gʷele
3rd singular ? ? *gʷeletou
1st plural ? ? *gʷelomos
2nd plural ? ? *gʷelete
3rd plural ? ? *gʷelontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gʷelūr ?
2nd singular *gʷeletar ?
3rd singular *gʷeletor ? ?
1st plural *gʷelommor ?
2nd plural *gʷeledwe ?
3rd plural *gʷelontor ? ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular ?
2nd singular ?
3rd singular ?
1st plural ?
2nd plural ?
3rd plural ?
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷlitos *gʷlitou *gʷlitoi
vocative *gʷlite *gʷlitou *gʷlitoi
accusative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitoms
genitive *gʷlitī *gʷlitous *gʷlitom
dative *gʷlitūi *gʷlitobom *gʷlitobos
instrumental *gʷlitū *gʷlitobim *gʷlitobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷlitā *gʷlitai *gʷlitās
vocative *gʷlitā *gʷlitai *gʷlitās
accusative *gʷlitam *gʷlitai *gʷlitams
genitive *gʷlitās *gʷlitous *gʷlitom
dative *gʷlitai *gʷlitābom *gʷlitābos
instrumental *? *gʷlitābim *gʷlitābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitā
vocative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitā
accusative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitā
genitive *gʷlitī *gʷlitous *gʷlitom
dative *gʷlitūi *gʷlitobom *gʷlitobos
instrumental *gʷlitū *gʷlitobim *gʷlitobis
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Descendants

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  • Old Irish: gelid

References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1139-40”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1139-40