-ёный

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See also: -еный

Russian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Compare the past-passive-participle suffix -ённый (-jónnyj).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ёный (-jónyj)

  1. Suffix used to form passive-participle-like adjectives from verbs that normally form past passive participles in -ённый (-jónnyj).
    вари́ть (varítʹ, to boil) + ‎-ёный (-jónyj) → ‎варёный (varjónyj, boiled)
    плести́ (plestí, to weave) + ‎-ёный (-jónyj) → ‎плетёный (pletjónyj, (relational) wicker)
    учи́ть (učítʹ, to teach) + ‎-ёный (-jónyj) → ‎учёный (učónyj, learned)

Usage notes

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For most such adjectives, short forms in -ён (-jón), -ёна (-jóna), -ёно (-jóno), -ёны (-jóny) exist theoretically, but are usually avoided due to ambiguity with the short forms of the corresponding past passive participle in -ённый (-jónnyj) (in the case of -ёна (-jóna), -ёно (-jóno), -ёны (-jóny) the ambiguity is with colloquial forms; the corresponding standard short forms for participles in -ённый (-jónnyj) are -ена́ (-ená), -ено́ (-enó), -ены́ (-ený)). However, this doesn't apply to some adjectives, e.g. учёный (učónyj), where the short forms are in normal use.

Derived terms

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See also

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  • -лый (-lyj) (used to form similar adjectives from intransitive verbs)