힘쓰다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 힘ᄡᅳ다 (Yale: himpsuta). From 힘 (him, “strength, power”) + 쓰다 (sseuda, “to use or expend”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [çims͈ɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [힘쓰다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | himsseuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | himsseuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | himssŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | himssuta |
Verb
[edit]힘쓰다 • (himsseuda) (infinitive 힘써, sequential 힘쓰니)
- to exert oneself
Conjugation
[edit] Selected forms of the verb 힘쓰다 (himsseuda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 힘쓴다 himsseunda |
힘써 himsseo |
힘써요 himsseoyo |
힘씁니다 himsseumnida |
| Past | 힘썼다 himsseotda |
힘썼어 himsseosseo |
힘썼어요 himsseosseoyo |
힘썼습니다 himsseotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 힘쓰느냐 himsseuneunya |
힘써 himsseo |
힘써요 himsseoyo |
힘씁니까 himsseumnikka |
| Past | 힘썼느냐 himsseonneunya |
힘썼어 himsseosseo |
힘썼어요 himsseosseoyo |
힘썼습니까 himsseotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 힘쓰자 himsseuja |
힘써 himsseo |
힘써요 himsseoyo |
힘쓰십시다 himsseusipsida | |
| Imperative | 힘써라 himsseora |
힘써 himsseo |
힘써요 himsseoyo |
힘씁시오 himsseupsio | |
| Assertive | 힘쓰겠다 himsseugetda |
힘쓰겠어 himsseugesseo |
힘쓰겠어요 himsseugesseoyo |
힘쓰겠습니다 himsseugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 힘써 himsseo |
힘써서 himsseoseo |
힘쓰니 himsseuni |
힘쓰니까 himsseunikka | |
| Contrast | 힘쓰지만 himsseujiman |
힘쓰는데 himsseuneunde |
힘쓰더니 himsseudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 힘쓰고 himsseugo |
||||
| Condition | 힘쓰면 himsseumyeon |
힘써야 himsseoya |
|||
| Motive | 힘쓰려고 himsseuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 힘씀 himsseum |
힘쓰기 himsseugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 힘썼음 himsseosseum |
힘썼기 himsseotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 힘쓴 himsseun | |||
| Present | 힘쓰는 himsseuneun | ||||
| Future | 힘쓸 himsseul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 힘쓰신다 himsseusinda |
힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo |
힘쓰세요, 힘쓰셔요 himsseuseyo, himsseusyeoyo |
힘쓰십니다 himsseusimnida |
| Past | 힘쓰셨다 himsseusyeotda |
힘쓰셨어 himsseusyeosseo |
힘쓰셨어요 himsseusyeosseoyo |
힘쓰셨습니다 himsseusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 힘쓰시느냐 himsseusineunya |
힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo |
힘쓰세요, 힘쓰셔요 himsseuseyo, himsseusyeoyo |
힘쓰십니까 himsseusimnikka |
| Past | 힘쓰셨느냐 himsseusyeonneunya |
힘쓰셨어 himsseusyeosseo |
힘쓰셨어요 himsseusyeosseoyo |
힘쓰셨습니까 himsseusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 힘쓰시라 himsseusira |
힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo |
힘쓰세요 himsseuseyo |
힘쓰십시오 himsseusipsio | |
| Assertive | 힘쓰시겠다 himsseusigetda |
힘쓰시겠어 himsseusigesseo |
힘쓰시겠어요 himsseusigesseoyo |
힘쓰시겠습니다 himsseusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo |
힘쓰셔서 himsseusyeoseo |
힘쓰시니 himsseusini |
힘쓰시니까 himsseusinikka | |
| Contrast | 힘쓰시지만 himsseusijiman |
힘쓰시는데 himsseusineunde |
힘쓰시더니 himsseusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 힘쓰시고 himsseusigo |
||||
| Condition | 힘쓰시면 himsseusimyeon |
힘쓰셔야 himsseusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 힘쓰시려고 himsseusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 힘쓰심 himsseusim |
힘쓰시기 himsseusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 힘쓰셨음 himsseusyeosseum |
힘쓰셨기 himsseusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 힘쓰신 himsseusin | |||
| Present | 힘쓰시는 himsseusineun | ||||
| Future | 힘쓰실 himsseusil | ||||