하느님

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Korean

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Etymology

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First attested in the 太平詞 / 태평사, 1598, as Early Modern Korean 하ᄂᆞ님 (Yale: hanonim), in a Confucian context. Equivalent to 하늘 (haneul, heaven) +‎ (nim, lord).

Rare in traditional Korean folk religion, where heaven-worship is not a major religious belief. The Catholic usage is perhaps a calque of Chinese 天主 (Tiānzhǔ, Lord of Heaven; God).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?Haneunim
Revised Romanization (translit.)?Haneunim
McCune–Reischauer?Hanŭnim
Yale Romanization?hanunim

Proper noun

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하느님 (Haneunim)

  1. God, heaven
  2. (Catholicism, Orthodoxy) God, creator
    • Korean Catholic Bible, Changsegi (創世記 / 창세기) (Genesis) 1:1
      처음 하느님께서 하늘 창조하셨다.
      Hancheo'eum-e haneunim-kkeseo haneul-gwa ttang-eul changjohasyeotda.
      In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
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